An image restoration approach based on a Bayesian maximum entropy method (MEM) has been applied to a radiological image deconvolution problem, that of reduction of geometric blurring in magnification mammography. The aim of the work is to demonstrate an improvement in image spatial resolution in realistic noisy radiological images with no associated penalty in terms of reduction in the signal-t...

PURPOSE The paraxial propagation of astigmatic wavefronts through astigmatic optical systems can be described by the augmented step-along method (ASAM). Its equivalence to the linear ray optics approach is considered in detail. METHODS The ASAM is exploited to derive paraxial ray paths through a general coaxial astigmatic system. RESULTS Starting from the information inherent in the ASAM al...

Advances in microfocus X-ray tube design together with the availability of high resolution charge coupled device (CCD) detectors have led to the introduction of high magnification digital specimen cabinets for the examination of tissue samples. This paper explores the effect that the high magnification geometry permitted by such units has upon image quality in terms of phase contrast edge enhan...

It has been observed that electronic magnification of imagery results in a decrease in the apparent contrast of the magnified image relative to the original. The decrease in perceived contrast might be due to a combination of image blur and of sub-sampling the larger range of contrasts in the original image. In a series of experiments, we measured the effect on apparent contrast of magnificatio...

The ejection fraction is one of the most widely used measurements of left ventricular systolic function. Angiographic measurement of ejection fraction is based on determination of roentgenographic magnification and calculation of end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes, assuming a prolated ellipse. Because it is simple and radiographic magnification may not have been determined, some laboratorie...

Leaf vein length per unit leaf area (VLA; also known as vein density) is an important determinant of water and sugar transport, photosynthetic function, and biomechanical support. A range of software methods are in use to visualize and measure vein systems in cleared leaf images; typically, users locate veins by digital tracing, but recent articles introduced software by which users can locate ...

The twin of this paper, “Forbidden Magnification? I.” [1], presents systematic SOM simulations with the explicit magnification control scheme of Bauer, Der, and Herrmann [2] on data for which the theory does not guarantee success, namely data that are n-D, n > 2 and/or data whose components in the different dimensions are not statistically independent. For the unsupported n = 2 cases that we in...

I present the current status of the cosmic magnification produced by systematic amplification of background sources by large-scale structures. After introducing its principle, I focus on its interests for cosmology and underline its complementary aspect to cosmic shear and galaxy auto-correlations. I finally discuss recent investigations using higher-order statistics.