Afghanistan’s Taliban are back in power. How did they get there? can their discriminatory policies be explained? And what done about it? The article looks at the failure of international engagement Afghanistan from 2001 to 2021 and dynamics that enabled reemerge. Having gained control country again August 2021, unpacks way govern populations, how decisions made within divided movement, its high...

After the 9/11 attacks, The United States of America (USA) destroyed al Qaeda’s established training bases and removed the Taliban from power in Afghanistan. Thus, al Qaeda is forced to find new havens to continue operating safely as well as new sources of recruits. Unfortunately, if the conditions in the ground do not change, West Africa will be the next recruiting front for Osama bin Laden’s ...

This paper outlines the implications of international approaches to humanitarian assistance in Afghanistan, focusing in particular on the period since the Taliban assumed power. It argues that international efforts to use conditionality on humanitarian assistance have proved ineffective in influencing the Taliban's policies, and have been implemented despite the negative impact on the welfare o...

Iran is an actual neighboring state of Afghanistan and shares a long border 936 km. critical country with stakes in historical, cultural, economic, linguistic ties. After the withdrawal Soviet troops, civil war erupted Afghanistan; as result war, Taliban emerged supported Northern Alliance against militants. Tehran considered regime threat to its national security because follows Sunni sect Isl...

The term terrorism is not subject to a universally accepted definition. However, it generally used describe the use of violence against civilian targets spread fear and distress thereby achieve ideological and/or political objectives. Specific acts terrorism, whether national or international, have been proscribed by respective laws. Taliban’s return power in Afghanistan after Kabul’s collapse ...