offshore pipelines used for oil and gas transportation are often buried to avoid damage from fishing activities and to provide thermal insulation. thermal expansion and contraction of the pipeline during operation can lead to lateral or upheaval buckling. a safe buried pipeline design must take into account a reliable evaluation of soil uplift resistance and pipe embedment depth. while the cost...

An open-end aerator for free bubbling has been found previously hydrodynamic effect enhancement. This study is focused, through two modifications, on its further optimization aeration homogeneity in a commercial flat sheet membrane bioreactor (FSMBR). One relates to the aerators themselves, other central air supply pipe. The are tapered, or be more precise each one frustum i.e. that portion of ...

The 3-D mechanical model of the inclined shaft pumping pump and optimization anti-partial wear structure security position are established in this paper. Based on real data well, 148-inclined 2 slope measurement, ordinary pipe rod combination, well lining oil pipe, laser optimized calculated. In order to improve computing power reduce computational time consumption, paper uses cloud technology ...

Buried pipeline systems are commonly used to transport water, sewage, oil, natural gas and other materials. In the conterminous United States, there are about 77,109 km (47,924 miles) of crude oil pipelines, 85,461 km (53,114 miles) of refined oil pipelines and 67,898 km (42,199 miles) of natural gas pipelines (FEMA, 1991). The total length of water and sewage pipelines is not readily available...