BACKGROUND Abnormal hyperphosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein tau and its incorporation into neurofibrillary tangles are major hallmarks of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD). Different tau phosphoepitopes can be sensitively detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). OBJECTIVE To compare the diagnostic accuracy of CSF concentrations of tau proteins phosphorylated at 3 pat...

Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic progressive degenerative of the nervous system. Its pathogenesis complex and related to abnormal expression amyloid β (Aβ), APP, Tau proteins. Evidence has demonstrated that bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) highly expressed in transgenic mouse models AD endogenous levels BMP4 mainly affect hippocampal function. To determine whether participates ...

AIMS The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic potential of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum levels of neurocytoskeletal proteins and their ratios for the diagnosis of dementias and to assess the differences in neurocytoskeletal proteins between neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. METHODS CSF and serum levels of neurofilament light subunits (NFL) and neurofilament heavy sub...

Plasma neuronal exosomal levels of pathogenic Alzheimer's disease (AD) proteins, cellular survival factors, and lysosomal proteins distinguish AD patients from control subjects, but changes in these exosomal proteins associated with normal aging have not been described for cognitively intact subjects. Plasma neuronal exosomal levels of P-T181-tau, P-S396-tau, Aβ 1-42, cathepsin D, repressor ele...

relative to a hereditary torsion theory $tau$ we introduce a dimension for a module $m$, called {em $tau$-rank of} $m$, which coincides with the reduced rank of $m$ whenever $tau$ is the goldie torsion theory. it is shown that the $tau$-rank of $m$ is measured by the length of certain decompositions of the $tau$-injective hull of $m$. moreover, some relations between the $tau$-rank of $m$ and c...

The embryonic lethal abnormal vision (ELAV)-like proteins are mRNA-binding proteins that regulate mRNA stability. The neuronal members of this family are required for neuronal differentiation. We identified the binding region of purified HuD protein to a target neuronal mRNA encoding for the tau microtubule-associated protein and demonstrated an in vivo interaction between the ELAV-like protein...

Transgenic mice overexpressing the P301L mutant human tau protein exhibit an accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau and develop neurofibrillary tangles. The consequences of tau pathology were investigated here by proteomics followed by functional analysis. Mainly metabolism-related proteins including mitochondrial respiratory chain complex components, antioxidant enzymes, and synaptic proteins...

A series of observations have indicated that tau, one of the major microtubule-associated proteins, is involved in neuronal cell morphogenesis and axonal maintenance. Tau is also the major component of paired helical filaments found in brains affected by Alzheimer's disease. To explore an as yet unidentified role of tau in vivo, approximately 11,000 mRNAs were profiled from tau-deficient mouse ...

The detailed protein composition of the paired helical filaments (PHF) that accumulate in human neurons in aging and Alzheimer disease is unknown. However, the identity of certain components has been surmised by using immunocytochemical techniques. Whereas PHF share epitopes with neurofilament proteins and microtubule-associated protein (MAP) 2, we report evidence that the MAP tau (tau) appears...

The MAP (microtubule-associated protein) tau binds to tubulin, the main component of MTs (microtubules), which results in the stabilization of MT polymers. Tau binds to the C-terminal of tubulin, like other MAPs (including motor proteins such as kinesin) and it therefore may compete with these proteins for the same binding site in the tubulin molecule. In pathological conditions, tau is the mai...