In the design of telecommunication networks, decisions concerning capacity installation and routing of commodities have to be taken simultaneously. Network Loading problems formalize these decisions in mathematical optimization models. Several variants of the problem exist: bifurcated or non-bifurcated routing, bidirected or unidirected capacity installation, and symmetric versus non-symmetric ...

Every nation wants to achieve Universal Access of telecommunication services due to its importance to the economy and national life. Unfortunately in sub-Saharan Africa, telecommunication services are either scarce or non-existent in rural areas. However, previous telecommunication policies have enabled the provision of various network technologies in Africa. What type of policy is needed to pu...

This paper introduces telecommunication services engineering through a definition of services, of network architectures that run services, and of methods, techniques and tools used to develop services. We emphasize the Intelligent Network (IN), the Telecommunication Management Network (TMN) and TINA architectures; we also discuss the impact of the Internet on these architectures.

the aim of this research is to consider the quality of services provided by kerman telecommunication company (ktc) from different perspective in order to keep and attract clients. in this research, the quality of services by kerman province telecommunication company in different parts such as: phone, mobile phone, data service and also the quality of presented services by serving offices due to...

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Battery is not only the power source or emergency supply for many ships, but also essential train command and dispatching, post telecommunication, bank operation, etc. The capacity of battery will be directly related to normal operation ship telecommunication operation. At same time, last guarantee safe reliable intelligent equipment, so it necessary study reliability

For interoperation of heterogeneous management systems and integration of existing legacy applications in telecommunication network management systems, a translation from GDMO/ASN.1 to a universal language is necessary. Inheriting the extensibility and flexibility of XML, as the application of XML in telecommunication, tML can be used in definition and publication of management interface inform...

At this time, telecommunication networks are present everywhere. These networks are not only rather complex, but they are also made up of different components. That is the reason telecommunication network management (TNM) is so relevant. This paper deals with two important aspects of telecommunication network management: managed objects and expert system rules. Definition of objects is based on...