the volumetric expansion coefficient has an importance in determination of the free convection heat transfer coefficient. the buoyant force in the fluid which is the result of the variation of fluid density with temperature, is proportional to this expansion coefficient, b. this coefficient of b varies with temperature and it is important to understand under what conditions it should be evaluat...

A design technique based on optimizing the supply voltage for simultaneously achieving energy efficiency and temperature variation insensitive circuit performance is proposed in this paper. The supply voltages that suppress the propagation delay variations when the temperature fluctuates are identified for a diverse set of circuits in 180 and 65 nm CMOS technologies. Circuits display temperatur...

The effects of heat stress (HS) on total plasma protein (PP) concentrations, body weight gains (BWG), and body temperature (BT) were studied in an Athens-Canadian Randombred (ACRB) population and commercial broilers (BR). The populations were maintained at environmental temperatures of 21, 32, and 38 C from 3 to 6 wk of age. The PP, BWG, and mortality (M) were measured at 3, 4, 5, and 6 wk and ...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS The framework provided by an emergence model was used: (1) for phenotyping germination and heterotrophic growth of Medicago truncatula in relation to two major environmental factors, temperature and water potential; and (2) to evaluate the extent of genetic differences in emergence-model parameters. METHODS Eight cultivars and natural accessions of M. trunculata were studi...

In this study we evaluated the association between temperature variation and mortality and compared it with the contribution due to mean daily temperature in 6 cities with different climates. Quasi-Poisson time series regression models were applied to estimate the associations (relative risk and 95% confidence interval) of mean daily temperature (99th and 1st percentiles, with temperature of mi...

A new temperature-frequency converter based on the variation of the dielectric permittivity of the Liquid Crystal (LC) material with temperature has been demonstrated. Unlike other temperature sensors based on liquid crystal processing optical signals for determining the temperature, this work presents a system that is able to sense temperature by using only electrical signals. The variation of...

The species Beta vulgaris encompasses wild and cultivated members with a broad range of phenological development. The annual life cycle is commonly found in sea beets (ssp. maritima) from Mediterranean environments which germinate, bolt, and flower within one season under long day conditions. Biennials such as the cultivated sugar beet (B. vulgaris ssp. vulgaris) as well as sea beets from north...

Laboratory evolution experiments suggest the potential for microbial populations to contribute significant ecological variation to ecosystems, yet the functional importance of genetic diversity within natural populations of microorganisms is largely unknown. Here, we investigated the distribution of genetic and phenotypic variation for a population of the cyanobacterium Mastigocladus laminosus ...