Light adaptive morphologic changes in the teleost retina, such as movements of rods, cones, and epithelial pigment and spinule formation on horizontal cell terminals, are normally associated with continual exposure to light. Depending on a variety of factors these processes are generally completed within 30-60 min. In this report we show that a brief exposure to light (1-2 min) preceded and fol...

The expression of anti-predator adaptations may vary on a spatial scale, favouring traits that are advantageous in a given predation regime. Besides, evolution of different developmental strategies depends to a large extent on the grain of the environment and may result in locally canalized adaptations or, alternatively, the evolution of phenotypic plasticity as different predation regimes may ...

Classification trees (J48) were induced to predict the habitat requirements of tench (Tinca tinca). 306 datasets were used for the given fish during 8 years in the river basins in Flanders (Belgium). The input variables consisted of the structural-habitat (width, depth, gradient slope and distance from the source) and physic chemical (pH, dissolved oxygen, water temperature and electric conduct...

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