Translation of a literary text is a difficult task, for understanding literature requires knowledge of various linguistic levels of a literary text in addition to strategies and methods of translation. To this should still be added cognitive-based translation training which helps practitioners preserve the aesthetic aspects of a literary text. Focusing on short story as a genre with both ...

Understanding a text, whether by a human being or by a computer, implies that units of meanings be identified in the text and that rules composing these units and the corresponding meaning units provide the complete meaning of the text. Such a statement raises many fundamental questions we shall not be concerned with (e.g. What is meaning?). We will limit ourselves to lexical and grammatical pr...

The article is devoted to the history of study theory text and discourse in linguistic works, definition relationship between concepts, comparison concepts discourse. In course study, opinions scientists forming developing are compared (F. de Saussure, O. Moskalskaya, I. Galperin, Akhmanova, A. Bondarko, T. van Dijk, G. Melnikov, Baitursynuly, K. Zhubanov, R. Syzdyk, N. Uali, Zh. Mankeeva, Zhak...

This paper mainly presents noun and verbal group parts of a Turkish sentence generator to produce the actual text from its semantic description In order to concentrate on text generation rather than text planning we assume that the lexicalized semantic description of the text is produced in some way currently given by hand In the generation we need a linguistic theory to describe linguistic res...

This paper mainly presents a Turkish sentence generator for producing the actual text from its semantic description To concentrate on the text generation rather than text planning we assume that the lexicalized semantic de scription of the text is produced in some way currently given by hand In the generation we need a linguistic theory to describe the linguistic resources and also a software t...

in this article naser al-din shah’s accounts of travels to europe (safar-nameh) have bee examined and criticised in a discourse analysis approach. by using this approach, attention has been paid to linguistic factors, co-text and context of the situation (social, cultural, political and historical), and institutional position, as well as the writer's attitude which has been effective in informi...