The article examines the course of opposition activity Freedom Movement Iran party, one most famous parties left bloc in Islamic Republic Iran. chronological framework study is period from 1989 to 2005. This resulting fact that since Revolution 1979, country's current state system was fully formed only by 1989. In same year, composition power elite also underwent changes. Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafs...

We assess the credit market impact of allowing mortgage “strip-down” as a foreclosureprevention measure, where strip-down reduces the principal of underwater residential mortgages to the current market value of the property for homeowners in Chapter 13 bankruptcy. Our identification is provided by a series of U.S. court decisions that introduced strip-down in parts of the U.S. and a Supreme Cou...

The reliability of confessions is subject to a variety of factors, some of which give rise to expert testimony. To the degree that prosecutors construe the determination of reliability as an objective standard, they may attempt to bar testimony. Moreover, when the testimony is theoretical rather than clinical, there are additional challenges. Depending on jurisdiction, the admissibility of expe...

following the collapse of ussr, the usa, as a key player of the middle east region, claimed the leadership of the world unipolar system and, during the last two decades has attempted to restructure the region. to this end, the us has tried to put into practice a plan under the name the new middle east, inorder to maintain its presence and dominance over this strategic region with the aim of sec...

the aim of this research is to investigate the relationship between leader – member exchange and organizational citizenship behavior, and considering the mediating role of psychological empowerment and organizational commitment. the sample consisted of 250 employees of marun oil and gas producing company who were selected by simple random sampling method. the instruments which used in this rese...

background: one important factor in growth, progress, and increase in work efficiency of employees of any enterprise is to make considerable effort. supreme leader of the islamic republic of iran also addressed the issue of need for more efforts. the goal of this study was to determine the association of perceived organizational justice and organizational expectations with efforts of nurses to ...

Supreme Court Justices' uniform professional backgrounds have drawn increasing criticism. Yet it is unclear how diverse professional training would affect the Court's decisions. This Article offers the first empirical analysis of how Justices with diverse professional training vote: It examines a unique period when Justices with formal legal education sat with Justices who entered the professio...

present research studies the relationship between leader empowering behaviors and employee stress in qom agricultural jihad organization. to measure leader empowering behaviors, hoy’s (1994) leader empowering behaviors model and for measure employee distress, rondelof and blackburn questionnaire (1990) have been used. statistical sample consists of 70 employees of qom agricultural jihad organiz...

In this paper, the important formation control problem of nonholonomic wheeled mobile robots is investigated via a leader-follower strategy. To this end, the dynamics model of the considered wheeled mobile robot is derived using Lagrange equations of motion. Then, using ADAMS multi-body simulation software, the obtained dynamics of the wheeled system in MATLAB software is verified. After that, ...