job stressors in critical care nurses     farhadi m [1] , hemmati maslakpak m [2] *, khalkhali hr [3]     received: 22 sep , 2013 accepted: 24 nov , 2013   abstract   background & aims : n ursing is associated with a high degree of stress d ue to its nature . job stress is a challenge for the nursing profession , and its adverse effects on physical and mental health nurses, create serious probl...

objective(s) the role of therapeutic drug monitoring (tdm) in patient care has grown rapidly since its introduction three decades ago. the aim of present study was to evaluate the possible relationship between serum levels and the clinical response of valproic acid (vpa). materials and methods in the present study we evaluated a homogeneous group of adult patients receiving vpa monotherapy. a t...

Abstract This systematic review sought to identify difficulties faced by professionals in the clinical management of end-of-life child patients. Bibliographic search was conducted on SciELO and LILACS databases using descriptors “therapeutic limitation,” “hospice care” “comfort measures,” combined with descriptor “child.” Of 102 complete studies identified, nine met established inclusion criter...

abortion traditionally means miscarriage and is still known as a problem, which societies have been trying to reduce its rate by using legal means. despite the fact that  pregnant women and fetuses have been historically supported;  abortion  was firstly criminalized in 1926 in iran, 20 years after establishment of modern legal system. during next 53 years this situation changed dramatically, t...

background uterine artery embolization (uae) is a minimally invasive procedure performed under fluoroscopy for the treatment of uterine fibroids and accompanied by radiation exposure. objectives to compare ovarian radiation doses during uterine artery embolization (uae) in patients using conventional digital subtraction angiography (dsa) with those using digital flat-panel technology. patients ...

Therapeutic communication is fundamental in the care provided by nursing staff to family. Therefore, objective of this study was determine therapeutic between nurse and family patient critical care, based on Jean Watson's theory humanized care. Method: Mixed, cross-sectional, exploratory study, research population consisted 13 nurses belonging intensive unit (ICU) 15 members critically ill pati...

spinal cord injury (sci) leads to a significant health problem associated with a broad range of secondary complications and disabilities. in this regard, animal models can help us to understand the pathobiology of sci and evaluate the effects of potential treatments for sci. in contusion models of sci, different devices including surgical spring-loaded clips, balloons, forceps, weights and the ...

concerns about increasing bacterial resistance to vancomycin, have caused the adult treatment guidelines to recommend higher trough concentrations based on the type and location of infectious disease. although these recommendations are not specific to children, the values can be extrapolated. this prospective study was designed to evaluate efficacy of current vancomycin dosing recommendations t...

background: since the treatments of long tracheal leisions are associated with some limitations, tissue enginered trachea is considered as an alternative option. this study aimed at preparing a composite scaffold, based on natural and synthetic materials for tracheal tissue engineering. methods: nine chitosan silk-based scaffolds were fabricated using three freezing rates (0.5, 1, and 2°c/min) ...