Homogeneous graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) onto cellulose was carried out in N, N – dimethyl acetamide/LiCl (DMAc/LiCl) and dimethyl sulfoxide/ paraformaldehyde (DMSO/PF) solvent system taking ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN), benzoyl peroxide (BPO) and tin (II)-2ethyl hexanoate [Sn(Oct)2] as initiators. Different grafting parameters like graft yield (GY), grafting efficiency (...

Electrolytes are characterized by their ionic conductivity (σ(i)). It is desirable that overall σ(i) results from the dominant contribution of the ions of interest (e.g. Li(+) in lithium ion batteries or LIB). However, high values of cationic transference number (t+) achieved by solid or gel electrolytes have resulted in low σ(i) leading to inferior cell performances. Here we present an organog...

There is limited comparative effectiveness evidence to guide approaches to managing diabetes in individuals failing metformin monotherapy. Our aim was to compare the incidence of all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) among new metformin monotherapy users initiating a dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP4i), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA), sulfo...

1. Multifunctional Initiators. 3749 2. Multifunctional Linking Agents 3751 3. Use of Difunctional Monomers 3754 B. Star−Block Copolymers 3754 C. Functionalized Stars 3755 1. Functionalized Initiators 3755 2. Functionalized Terminating Agents 3756 D. Asymmetric Stars 3757 1. Molecular Weight Asymmetry 3757 2. Functional Group Asymmetry 3760 3. Topological Asymmetry 3761 E. Miktoarm Star Polymers...

A brief description of the potential occupational health hazards encountered in the manufacture of plastics (polymers) is given. In general, these hazards are due to the monomers used to make the various plastics, to unreacted monomer contained within the finished products, and to the fillers, stabilizers, pigments, inhibitors, and initiators used in fabricating the finished products. They run ...

Exfoliated poly (Chloromethyl styrene-co-styrene)-g-polyacrylonitryle/organo- modified montmorillonite [P(CMSt-co-St)-g-PAN/O-MMT] nanocomposite was synthesized through solution intercalation method by using atom transfer and nitroxide mediated radical polymerization. At first, poly (chloromethyl styrene-costyrene) copolymer was synthesized by nitroxide - mediated “living” free radical polyme...

Finding the true source of a social network is a crucial component of social network information tracing. Using the new media microblog as an example, this paper provides a source tracing algorithm ITEPE (Initiators and Early Participants Extraction) to solve this problem. First, the cascade (session tree) is built according to the retweeting of a microblog, after which the cascade set (session...

This study examines online group-buying from the perspectives of organizational culture and transformational leadership. A convenience sampling of 400 online group-buying individuals living in Taiwan was conducted in 2011, and this yielded 300 effective questionnaires, giving a return rate of 75%. ANOVA analyses and canonical correlation were used to examine the participants’ perceptions of org...

The ability of Au catalysts to effect the challenging task of utilizing molecular oxygen for the selective epoxidation of cyclooctene is fascinating. Although supported nanometre-size Au particles are poorly active, here we show that solubilized atomic Au clusters, present in ng ml-1 concentrations and stabilized by ligands derived from the oxidized hydrocarbon products, are active. They can be...