This paper presents a statistical evaluation of the responsivity data on a number of heat-flux sensors, calibrated using an electrical substitution radiometer as a transfer standard up to 5 W·cm(-2). The sensors, furnished by the customers, were of circular-foil or thermopile type. Comparison of the NIST and the customer measured responsivity values showed that the measurements agree within 3 %...

In this paper, we report the characteristics of a thermopile infrared sensor in which nanostructured Si–Ge thermoelectric material is used. Although capable being operated without power consumption, challenge has been improving its sensitivity. With aim sensitivity, have realized with low thermal conductivity (0.8 W/m K or less) by forming nanocrystals through heat treatment amorphous Si–Ge. Th...

magnetic shutter, flash techniques, rotating shutters, the stroboscope and several high-speed techniques such as the Kerr Cell. Crawford and Jones explain how the measurement and calibration of the stimulus is accomplished by comparing it with a standard source using a thermopile, bolometer, photocell or other light sensitive device. They explore the knowledge of photometric and radiometric rel...