Payment for Performance (P4P) schemes by which physicians get a financial reward as long as they reach quality and efficiency targets provided by regulator have become increasingly popular in recent years in OECD countries (1) : in 2012, P4P program for primary care physicians were implemented in about 15 OECD countries. In the US, the number of P4P schemes has grown spectacularly, from 39 in 2...

Creativity is a complex and multi-dimensional phenomenon that has hardly been considered by economists, despite a great deal of economic importance. This paper presents a series of experiments where subjects face creativity tasks where, in one case, ex-ante goals and constraints are imposed on their answers, and in the other case no restrictions apply. The effects of financial incentives in sti...

BACKGROUND Diagnostic uncertainty is one of the largest contributory factors to the occurrence of diagnostic errors across most specialties in medicine and arguably uncertainty is greatest in primary care due to the undifferentiated symptoms primary care physicians are often presented with. Physicians can respond to diagnostic uncertainty in various ways through the interplay of a series of cog...

Froposition. Ccnsiaer any competitive world trading ewilibrium, with any number of countries and commodities, and with no restrictions whatever on the tariffs and other commodity taxes of individual countries, and with costs of transport fully recognized. Now let any subset of the countries form a customs unton. Then there exists a common tartrvector and a system of lump-sum compensatory paymen...

sueyoshi and sekitani in 2007 presented a paper that explores the measurement of returns to scale under a possible occurrence of multiple solution in a reference set and a supporting hyperplane. the occurrence ofmultiple solutions is classified into type i and type ii. type i is an occurrence of multiple solutions in a reference set. type ii is an occurrence of multiple solutions on a supportin...

the proper and quantitative recognition of the scale of turbulence in regard to issues such as sediment transport is of major importance. different experimental techniques can be used to determining the scale of turbulence, but the accuracy of these techniques is open to question. in this paper, after a review of the taylor method, the restrictions and advantages of velocity measurement techniq...

Abstract: In the analysis of contingency tables, often one faces two difficult criteria: sampled and target populations are not identical and prior information translates to the presence of general linear inequality restrictions. Under these situations, we present new models of estimating cell probabilities related to four well-known methods of estimation. We prove that each model yields maximu...