The theta rhythm is one of the largest and most sinusoidal activity patterns in the brain. Here I survey progress in the field of theta rhythms research. I present arguments supporting the hypothesis that theta rhythms emerge owing to intrinsic cellular properties yet can be entrained by several theta oscillators throughout the brain. I review behavioral correlates of theta rhythms and consider...

The recently introduced twin-width of a graph \(G\) is the minimum integer \(d\) such that has \(d\)-contraction sequence, is, sequence \(\left| V(G) \right|-1\) iterated vertex identifications for which overall maximum number red edges incident to single at most \(d\), where edge appears between two sets identified vertices if they are not homogeneous in (not fully adjacent nor non-adjacent). ...

The anterior thalamic nuclei are assumed to support episodic memory with anterior thalamic dysfunction a core feature of diencephalic amnesia. To date, the electrophysiological characterization of this region in behaving rodents has been restricted to the anterodorsal nucleus. Here we compared single-unit spikes with population activity in the anteroventral nucleus (AV) of freely moving rats du...

Intracellular recordings were made in the dorsal hippocampal formation of urethane-anesthetized rats as the local field activity spontaneously cycled between a synchronous condition termed theta and an asynchronous condition termed LIA. All cells reported in this study were labeled with Neurobiotin and classified as theta-related or non-theta-related according to the system of Colom and Bland [...

A regular slow wave theta rhythm can be recorded in the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) of freely moving rats during voluntary behaviors and paradoxical sleep. Electrode penetrations normal to the cortical layers proceeding from the deeper to the more superficial layers reveal a continuous theta rhythm in layers IV-III (deep MEC theta rhythm) with an amplitude maximum in layer III, a null betwee...

in this paper, we establish and prove the existence of best proximity points for multivalued cyclic $f$- contraction mappings in complete metric spaces. our results improve and extend various results in literature.

recently, choudhury and metiya [fixed points of weak contractions in cone metric spaces, nonlinear analysis 72 (2010) 1589-1593] proved some fixed point theorems for weak contractions in cone metric spaces. weak contractions are generalizations of the banach's contraction mapping, which have been studied by several authors. in this paper, we introduce the notion of $f$-weak contractions and als...

Brain oscillations in the theta frequency band (3-8 Hz) have been shown to be critically involved in human episodic memory retrieval. In prior work, both positive and negative relationships between cortical theta power and retrieval success have been reported. This study examined the hypothesis that slow and fast cortical theta oscillations at the edges of the traditional theta frequency band a...

Theta waves in the amygdala are known to be synchronized with theta waves in the hippocampus. Synchronization between amygdala and hippocampal theta waves is considered important for neuronal communication between these regions during the memory-retrieval process. These theta waves are also observed during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. However, few studies have examined the mechanisms and fun...

Experiments were carried out in urethane-anesthetized rats in order to evaluate the hypothesis that the red nucleus has functional connections with the hippocampal formation. Depth profiles of electrical stimulation in Experiment 1 confirmed that stimulation administered to the red nucleus elicited theta field activity in the hippocampal formation with a linear relationship between stimulus int...