Fracture from indentation by a hard sphere on bilayer systems composed of curved brittle coating layers on compliant polymeric substrates is investigated, in simulation of dental crown structures. Glass plates 1 mm thick are used as representative of enamel/crown layers, and epoxy filler substrates as representative of support dentin. Specimens with curved surfaces are prepared by pressing the ...

in this article, thermo-elastic-behavior of a thick-walled cylinder made from a polystyrene nanocomposite reinforced with functionally graded (fg) single-walled carbon nanotubes (swcnts) was carried out in radial direction while subjected to a steady state thermal field. the swcnts were assumed aligned, straight with infinite length and a uniform layout. two types of variations in the volume fr...

We present a computer simulation study of a binary mixture of hard spherocylinders with different diameters (D1,D2) and the same lengths (L15L25L). We first study a mixture of spherocylinders with lengths L 515D2 and D150, which can be regarded as a mixture of rodlike colloids and ideal needles. We find clearly an entropy-driven isotropic-isotropic (I-I) demixing transition in this mixture. In ...

We estimate the abundance of Compton-thick (CT) active galactic nuclei (AGN) based on our joint model of X-ray and infrared backgrounds. At Lrest2−10keV > 10 42 erg/s, the CT AGN density predicted by our model is a few ×10 Mpc from z=0 up to z=3. CT AGN with higher luminosity cuts (> 10, 10 & 10 erg/s) peak at higher z and show a rapid increase in the number density from z=0 to z∼2-3. The CT to...

This paper studies a generalization of the Schumpeterian models with endogenous market structure that allows the overall production structure to be more than linear in the growthdriving factor and yet generates endogenous growth, defined as steady-state, constant, exponential growth of income per capita. This version of modern growth theory, therefore, is robust in the sense that its key result...

The motion of an object within a viscous fluid and in the vicinity soft surface induces hydrodynamic stress field that deforms latter, thus modifying boundary conditions flow. This results elastohydrodynamic (EHD) interactions experienced by particle. Here, we derive soft-lubrication model, order to compute all forces torque applied on rigid sphere is free translate rotate near elastic wall. We...

The role of elastic mismatch in determining critical conditions for indentation fracture in brittle coatings on substrates of unlike modulus was investigated. A model transparent trilayer system, consisting of a glass coating layer bonded to a thick substrate of different glass or polymer by a thin layer of epoxy adhesive, facilitated in situ observations of crack initiation and propagation. A ...

The interaction between energetically asymmetric hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces has fundamental and practical importance in both industrial and natural colloidal systems. The interaction forces between a hydrophilic silica sphere and a silanated, hydrophobic glass plate in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP)-water binary mixtures were measured using atomic force microscopy (AFM). A strong and lo...

We study Dand DF-strings from D3D̄3 in the context of Dirac-Born-Infeld type effective field theory. In the presence of an electric flux from a transverse direction, gravitating thick D-string solutions form a spatial manifold, S2×R1, and straight D-strings stretched along the R1 direction are located at the south and north poles of the two-sphere. There is a horizon along its equator and then t...