How Purkinje cell (PC) activity may be altered by learning is central to theories of the cerebellum. Pavlovian eyelid conditioning, because of how directly it engages the cerebellum, has helped reveal many aspects of cerebellar learning and the underlying mechanisms. Theories of cerebellar learning assert that climbing fiber inputs control plasticity at synapses onto PCs, and thus PCs control t...

Martins T.B. & Barros C.S.L. 2014. Fifty years in the blink of an eye: a retrospective study of ocular and periocular lesions in domestic animals. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 34(12):1215-1222. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Camobi, Av. Roraima 1000, Santa Maria, RS 97105900, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected] A survey was unde...

BACKGROUND Postblepharoplasty lower eyelid retraction (PBLER) has been linked to anterior lamellar shortage, unaddressed eyelid laxity, and middle lamellar scarring. The authors believe there are other, less-appreciated physical findings (orbicularis weakness, negative-vector eyelid, and inferior eyelid/orbit volume deficit) that also influence the development and potentially the management of ...

Ann Saudi Med 28(2) March-April 2008 www.saudiannals.net 135 Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome (MRS) is a rare granulomatous disease characterized by orofacial edema, facial nerve palsy, and furrowed tongue (lingua plicata).1,2 This is the classic triad which defines the syndrome, although it is accepted that the presence of two manifestations or one with a granulomatous cheilitis in the eyelid bio...

OBJECTIVES To summarize the types and causes of unsatisfactory double eyelid results after double-eyelid blepharoplasty in Asian patients and to explore the corrective methods. METHODS Various methods are used to repair different types of unsatisfactory double-eyelid results following double-eyelid blepharoplasty. The basic principles are that scar adhesions should be released as much as poss...

Metastatic tumors to the orbit are rare, especially from a primary pancreatic carcinoma. A 59-year-old man presented with 4 weeks of right eye pain and eyelid swelling. There was right upper eyelid ptosis associated with a right supraduction deficit consistent with a superior divisional third cranial nerve (CN III) palsy. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a right orbital apex lesion. A right ...

The efficacy of scleral grafts for eyelid lengthening in patients with thyroid related upper and/or lower lid retraction was evaluated in 62 consecutive patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy who underwent lid surgery in the last 3.5 years. Seventy-eight upper and 30 lower lids were lengthened by scleral interposition. A good or acceptable result was achieved in 50% of all operated upper lids aft...

The development of the eyelid requires coordinated cellular processes of proliferation, cell shape changes, migration and cell death. Mutant mice deficient in the fibroblast growth factor 10 (Fgf10) gene exhibit open-eyelids at birth. To elucidate the roles of FGF10 during eyelid formation, we examined the expression pattern of Fgf10 during eyelid formation and the phenotype of Fgf10-null eyeli...

BACKGROUND Internal eyelid spacer graft is routinely placed during lower eyelid retraction surgery, which may be unnecessary. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy of lower eyelid retraction surgery without internal graft in select cases. METHODS Retrospective analysis of patients undergoing reconstructive lower eyelid retraction surgery without internal graft, by one surgeon from 2013 to 201...

Controversy persists in surgical eyelid anatomy despite the routine use of microanatomical examination in modern eyelid research. The aim of our study was to facilitate visualisation of upper eyelid anatomy by optimising the orientation of cadaveric specimens. We studied the anatomy of everted eyelids, providing an excellent histological view of the posterior approach to the eyelid commonly use...