Despite being central to parasite establishment and subsequent host pathological and immunologic responses, host-parasite interactions during early third-stage filarial larva (L3) migration are poorly understood. These studies aimed to define early tissue migration of Brugia pahangi L3 in the gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) and measure host cellular responses during this period. Gerbils were int...

the functional response is an important characteristic of predator–prey interactions that determinate which predator species or stage classes of predator is the most effective for pest control. host plant morphological characteristics are the effective factors on predator’s functional response. the objective of this study was to determine whether differences in trichome density of wheat cultiva...

Introduction: During the last half century, all indices of mortality imply the prompt and continuous decrease of nationwide mortality. Alongside reduction of mortality, there happened a comprehensive form of transition of mortality causes, from epidemical and other communicable diseases such as mothers' (birth giving) mortalities and birth related ones, to other causes like chronic diseases r...

BACKGROUND This study tested the hypotheses that active management of the third stage of labour lowers the rates of primary postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) and longer-term consequences compared with expectant management, in a setting where both managements are commonly practised, and that this effect is not mediated by maternal posture. BACKGROUND 1512 women judged to be at low risk of PPH (bloo...

A 2-step roller culture system was designed that supported optimally the development of late-thirdstage larvae (L3) of Ascaris suum, obtained from rabbit lungs, to mature adults in vitro. The culture system consisted of 1) medium API-18 for 7 days, and 2) thereafter, medium API-1 supplemented with bovine hemin. Cultures were gassed with 85% nitrogen/5% oxygen/10% carbon dioxide and incubated at...

OBJECTIVE To compare current practices for the active management of the third stage of labor (AMTSL) with the use of 600 mug of oral misoprostol. METHODS An operations research study was designed to compare blood loss with current AMTSL practices and misoprostol use. RESULTS Women in the misoprostol group were less likely to bleed 500 ml or more (adjusted odds ratio, 0.30; 95% confidence in...