In this review we addressed the various analgesic techniques in cardiac surgery, especially regional methods such as thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA). There are many techniques available for management of postoperative pain after cardiac operation including intravenous administration of analgesic drugs, infiltration of local anesthetics, nerve blocks, and neuroaxial techniques. Although there...

BACKGROUND Thoracotomy induces severe postoperative pain and impairment of pulmonary function, and therefore regional analgesia has been intensively studied in this procedure. Thoracic epidural analgesia is commonly considered the "gold standard" in this setting; however, evaluation of the evidence is needed to assess the comparative benefits of alternative techniques, guide clinical practice a...

Background The rationale for injection of epidural medications through the needle is to promote sooner onset of pain relief relative to dosing through the epidural catheter given that needle injection can be performed immediately after successful location of the epidural space. Some evidence indicates that dosing medications through the epidural needle results in faster onset and improved quali...

BACKGROUND Central neuraxial blockades find widespread applications. Severe complications are believed to be extremely rare, but the incidence is probably underestimated. METHODS A retrospective study of severe neurologic complications after central neuraxial blockades in Sweden 1990-1999 was performed. Information was obtained from a postal survey and administrative files in the health care ...

provided the original work is properly cited. CC Thoracic epidural catheterization is used widely for anesthesia and postoperative pain control in thoracic and abdominal surgery. Generally, an epidural catheter is inserted only 4–5 cm into the epidural space, as excessive catheter insertion causes complications like vascular injury and paresthesias [1]. Nevertheless, a catheter can often be ins...

Despite the benefits of the laparoscopic approach to colorectal surgery patients still experience significant levels of pain postoperatively. This study aimed to compare the use of thoracic epidural vs. morphine patient controlled analgesia in the management of pain after laparoscopic colorectal surgery. A retrospective analysis of hospital records was performed for 16 patients undergoing lapar...

We report a case of paraplegia without neurologic deficit of upper extremities following cervical epidural catheterization using air during the loss of resistance technique. A 41-year-old woman diagnosed with complex regional pain syndrome had upper and lower extremity pain. A thoracic epidural lead was inserted for a trial spinal cord stimulation for treating lower extremity pain and cervical ...

Syringomyelia is a not infrequent pathology that develops related to changes in cerebrospinal fluid dynamics due to many etiological factors. The development of syringomyelia through a spinal arachnoid cyst is quite rare and has been defined in only 31 cases in the literature. A case due to thoracic epidural lipomatosis has also been reported. There have been no previous reports of thoracic reg...

conclusions the addition of tramadol to epidural 2% lidocaine offers advantages in cesarean section. results in the lt100 group, onset of complete sensory and motor blockade at t6 was less than in the two other groups, but the highest level of sensory blockade and two segment regression and duration of motor blockades between the lt50 and lt100 groups were not significantly different, although ...

Epidural analgesia has many beneficial effects in the pediatric patient population. In clinical practice, it is commonly used to augment general anesthesia and to manage postoperative pain. Introduction Epidural analgesia has many beneficial effects in the pediatric patient population. In clinical practice, it is commonly used to augment general anesthesia and to manage postoperative pain. Effe...