Plant diseases are caused by pathogen populations continuously subjected to evolutionary forces (genetic flow, selection, and recombination). Ascochyta blight, caused by Mycosphaerella pinodes, is one of the most damaging necrotrophic pathogens of field peas worldwide. In France, both winter and spring peas are cultivated. Although these crops overlap by about 4 months (March to June), primary ...

During spring, summer and winter seasons, Sistani donor cows, with normal reproductive status, were superovulated and embryos were recovered non-surgically on day 7. Grade A blastocyst embryos were either transferred fresh (spring) or frozen (summer and winter). Recovered embryos during summer and winter were exposed to glycerol and frozen using conventional method. During spring season, recipi...

springs are the  mechanical parts which have many application in industries. static and dynamic forces cause relaxation in these parts so that they lose some of their free length and reaction force. springs constant are very important in airplane and vailway industry since constant and variable forces are applied to them in period time, therefore it is necessary to avoid decreasing in spring co...

An experimental speech recognition system was developed for German using an already existing technology reported elsewhere (1). The system recognizes complete sentences when the words are spoken with a small pause in between. The user has to train the system in advance by uttering 110 short sentences. The size of the system's vocabulary is presently limited to about 1300 words, with a coverage ...

THE1974 ARTICLE BY Line and Sandison entitled “ ‘Obsolescence’ and Changes in the Use of Literature with Time” was highly critical of many assumptions about obsolescence and of the methodology and conclusions of much research on the topic. It placed emphasis on the distinction between synchronous and diachronous studies and on the need to correct for the size of the literature cited or used. Si...

Current systems use caching to provide high performance and possibly support disconnected operation. However, current solutions are type specific. With the advent of modular distributed operating systems and mobile machines there is a need to provide generic support for implementing cacheable/disconnectable services. We present an architecture that can be used to implement cacheable/disconnecta...

SMQ / VOL. XII / NO. 1 / SPRING 2006 ABSTRACT Partnership development for national social marketing campaigns is a much copied, but poorly researched, area of practice. As part of the development of Phase II of the Centers for Disease Control’s National Bone Health Campaign, several needs-assessment and market analysis activities were conducted to develop partnership strategies that were respon...