A 35-year-old pregnant woman visited our department and had been treated with 100 µg of daily oral levothyroxine for hypothyroidism. An ultrasonography screening was performed at 25 weeks gestation and revealed a fetal goiter and an increased amniotic fluid volume. Fetal hypothyroidism was confirmed by cordocentesis and amniotic hormone levels at 26 weeks gestation. We treated the mother with 2...

BACKGROUND Lymph node metastasis from differentiated thyroid carcinoma may occur outside of the basins at greatest risk of spread, such as the lateral retropharyngeal lymph nodes. The extensive surgery of traditional approaches to the retropharyngeal space are rarely justified in the treatment of metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer. Therefore, a less invasive surgical approach is advantage...

Atypia/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) is a new category in the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (BSRTC) for which repeat fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is recommended. The aim of this study was to identify specific ultrasonography and clinical predictors of malignancy in a subset of thyroid nodules associated with cytology diagnoses of AUS/F...

Thyroid imaging is indicated to evaluate congenital hypothyroidism during newborn screening or in cases of a palpable thyroid mass in children and adolescents. This pictorial essay reviews the ultrasonography (US) of thyroid diseases in children and adolescents, including normal thyroid gland development, imaging features of congenital thyroid disorders (dysgenesis, [aplasia, ectopy, hypoplasia...

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to establish reference ranges of total thyroid volume among clinically euthyroid Nepalese population using Ultrasonography and correlate this volume with age, sex, individual’s built and geographic location. Methods: This was a prospective cross sectional study involving 485 clinically euthyroid individuals. B mode Ultrasonography was used to measure ...

INTRODUCTION — Thyroid nodules come to clinical attention when noted by the patient, or as an incidental finding during routine physical examination, or during a radiologic procedure, such as carotid ultrasonography, neck computed tomography (CT), or positron emission tomography (PET) scanning. Several different disorders can cause thyroid nodules (table 1). Their clinical importance is primari...

Thyroid ultrasonography (US) plays a key role in the diagnosis and management of thyroid-related diseases. The aim of this article was to illustrate various pitfalls that can occur in utilizing thyroid US and techniques to prevent them. In this article, we present cases demonstrating the common pitfalls associated with US equipment, performance, normal thyroid structures, misinterpretations, an...

The thyroid is the first endocrine gland to form during embryogenesis. At this stage, incomplete or anomalous migration of thyroid tissue causes ectopic localization of the gland. In our case, a 55-year-old woman who was evaluated via ultrasonography (USG) and multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) had no thyroid gland at the normal location, but did have ectopic thyroid tissue in the left s...

Ultrasonography (US) is the single-most valuable imaging modality in the evaluation of the thyroid gland. This review discusses the US appearances of thyroid nodules, emphasizing sonographic features associated with potentially malignant or, at the other end of the spectrum, likely benign nodules. Diffuse thyroid abnormalities have also been reviewed. The technique of ultrasound-guided fine-nee...