the momentum equation in the kinematic wave model is a power-law equation with two parameters. these parameters, which relate the discharge to the flow area, are commonly derived using manning’s equation. in general, the values of these parameters depend on the flow depth except for some special cross sections. in this paper, improved estimates of the kinematic wave parameters for circular chan...

In a partitioned probe graph the vertex set is partitioned into probes and non-probes, such that the set of non-probes is an independent set. A probe proper interval graph is the intersection graph of a set of intervals on the line such that every vertex is mapped to an interval, no interval contains another, and two vertices are adjacent if and only if the corresponding intervals intersect and...

Occurrences of outliers in multivariate time series are unpredictable events which may severely distort the analysis of the series. It may be noticed that a convenient way for representing multiple outliers consists in superimposing a deterministic disturbance to a Gaussian multivariate time series. Then outliers may be modelled as non – Gaussian time series components. The independent componen...

We prove that there exists linearly many independent edge chains of length k in a connected orientable triangulated 2-manifold (possibly with boundary) of genus zero, for any positive integer parameter k. Such an independent set of chains can be identiied by a simple linear-time algorithm. Our motivation is to simplify a surface by repeatedly contracting a large set of independent chains. Preli...

in this article a graph theoretical approach is employed to study some specifications of dynamic systems with time delay in the inputs and states, such as structural controllability and observability. first, the zero and non-zero parameters of a proposed system have been determined, next the general structure of the system is presented by a graph which is constructed by non-zero parameters. the...

the sales proceeds are the most important factors for keeping alive profitable companies. so sales and budget sales are considered as important parameters influencing all other decision variables in an organization. therefore, poor forecasting can lead to great loses in organization caused by inaccurate and non-comprehensive production and human resource planning. in this research a coherent so...