Tissue Doppler Echocardiography was introduced in the 1960s (Yoshida et al., 1961), and enabled the quantitative assessment of myocardial motion and deformation. The wide use of tissue Doppler as a research tool halted, however, until the early 1990s (Hatle & Sutherland, 2000). Tissue Doppler is now available for high frame rates, wide sector angles and in combination with 2-dimiensional data a...

Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has advanced the role of the cardiovascular anesthesiologist and increased his/her active role and obligations during perioperative patient care. Assessment of global and regional left ventricular (LV) function consists of two-dimensional (2D) or Doppler evaluation of cardiac structures and their interaction with blood flow. The techniques used are mostly ...

Cardiomyopathies are common cardiac disorders that primarily affect cardiac muscle resulting in cardiac dysfunction and heart failure. Transgenic mouse disease models have been developed to investigate the cellular mechanisms underlying heart failure and sudden cardiac death observed in cardiomyopathy cases and to explore the therapeutic outcomes in experimental animals in vivo. Echocardiograph...