To understand the development of the retinotopic map, differentiation of the topographic map was quantitatively examined in the chick. Labeling the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons anterogradely with the local injections of DiI revealed the relative anteroposterior positions of their growth cones (GCs) on the tecta as a function of the nasotemporal positions of the injected sites in the retina...

The mapping function w = k log(z + a) is a widely accepted approximation to the topographic structure of primate V1 foveal and parafoveal regions. A better model, at the cost of an additional parameter, captures the full field topographic map in terms of the dipole map function w = k log[(z + a)/(z + b)]. However, neither model describes topographic shear since they are both explicitly complex-...

The mapping function w = k log(z + a) is a widely accepted approximation to the topographic structure of primate V1 foveal and parafoveal regions. A better model, at the cost of an additional parameter, captures the full field topographic map in terms of the dipole map function w = k log[(z + a)/(z + b)]. However, neither model describes topographic shear since they are both explicitly complex-...

McDonald and Lowe [15] showed that cosines in a semantic space of several hundred dimensions reflect human priming results for a wide range of semantic and associatively related words [16, Exp.2]. Previously, Lowe [11, 10] argued that the intrinsic dimensionality of semantic space is much lower, and that high-dimensional structure can be effectively captured in just two dimensions as the surfac...

The generative topographic map (GTM) provides a flexible statistical model for unsupervised data inspection and topographic mapping. However, it shares the property of most unsupervised tools that noise in the data cannot be recognized as such and, in consequence, is visualized in the map. The framework of relevance learning or learning metrics as introduced in [4, 6] offers an elegant way to s...

We extend the work of [McGlinchey 2003], in which the author trained an AI player to play Pong from game observation data recorded from games played by humans. The data trained a Self Organising Map (SOM) , and it was found that the AI player played Pong with a human style of play. However one of the drawback of using the SOM was that the movement of the bat was jerky, due to quantisation of ve...

The S-Map is a network with a simple learning algorithm that combines the self-organization capability of the Self-Organizing Map (SOM) and the probabilistic interpretability of the Generative Topographic Mapping (GTM). The simulations suggest that the SMap algorithm has a stronger tendency to self-organize from random initial configuration than the GTM. The S-Map algorithm can be further simpl...

In recent years, the exploration of the solar system was intensified. Several space missions have been planned, launched, or are in operation yet. Some of them are supplied with modern camera experiments: the High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) on Mars Express or the Cassini Imaging Science SubSystem (ISS). Especially HRSC data are well suited to derive Digital Terrain Models and color orthoim...