The freezing of water typically proceeds through impurity-mediated heterogeneous nucleation. Although non-planar geometry generically exists on the surfaces of ice nucleation centres, its role in nucleation remains poorly understood. Here we show that an atomically sharp, concave wedge can further promote ice nucleation with special wedge geometries. Our molecular analysis shows that significan...

Since topological insulators were theoretically predicted and experimentally observed in semiconductors with strong spin-orbit coupling, increasing attention has been drawn to topological materials that host exotic surface states. These surface excitations are stable against perturbations since they are protected by global or spatial/lattice symmetries. Following the success in achieving variou...

Two recent methods[1,2] for measuring the topological susceptibility, χt = 〈Q〉 V , in pure SU(2) gauge theory using the lattice regularization are considered to be in disagreement. In one method[1], the gauge fields are smoothed with an improved cooling technique while the topological charge Q is calculated using a lattice discretization. In the other method[2], inverse-blocking is employed to ...

We show that the hypothesis of abelian dominance allows QCD-monopoles to preserve the topological feature of the QCD vacuum within SU(2) lattice gauge theory. An analytical study is made to find the relationship between the topological charge and QCD-monopoles in the lattice formulation. The topological charge is explicitly represented in terms of the monopole current and the abelian component ...

Abstract. The topological structure of the QCD vacuum can be probed by monitoring the spatial localization of the low-lying Dirac eigenmodes. This approach can be pursued on the lattice, and unlike the traditional one requires no smoothing of the gauge field. I review recent lattice studies, attempting to extract a consistent description. What emerges is a picture of the vacuum as a “topologica...

In this paper we introduce a new definition of a lattice fuzzy topology which is a generalization of Lowen’s fuzzy topology and show that the category of Lowen’s fuzzy topological spaces is a bireflective full subcategory of the category of lattice fuzzy topological spaces.

Topological control of nanostructures plays a crucial role in understanding the crystal growth process at the nanometer length scale. Here, the scalable synthesis of upconversion materials with distinct hedgehog-like morphologies by a seed-mediated synthetic procedure is reported. It is demonstrated that a close match in the crystal lattice between the core and shell components is essential for...