Magnetostatics defines a class of boundary value problems in which the topology domain plays subtle role. For example, representability divergence-free field as curl vector potential comes about because homological considerations. With this mind, we study gauge freedom magnetostatics and its effect on comparison between magnetic configurations through key quantities such helicity. this, apply H...

Toroidal shapes are often found in bio-molecules, viruses, proteins and fats, but only recently it was proved experimentally that toroidal structures can support exotic high-frequency electromagnetic excitations that are neither electric or magnetic multipoles. Such excitations, known as toroidal moments, could be playing an important role in enhancing inter-molecular interaction and energy tra...

We show how the elusive toroidal dipole moment appears as a radiative excitation eigenmode in a metamolecule resonator that is formed by pairs of plasmonic nanorods. We analyze one such nanorod configuration—a toroidal metamolecule. We find that the radiative interactions in the toroidal metamolecule can be qualitatively represented by a theoretical model based on an electric point dipole arran...

this paper concerns the design and analysis, of a ball type continuously variable transmission, (b-cvt). this b-cvt has a simple kinematic structure, and same as a toroidal cvt, transmits power by friction on the contact points between input and output discs, that are connected to each other by balls. after, a brief introduction of our b-cvt structure, the performance and traction efficiency of...

The parity violation in nuclear reactions led to the discovery of new class toroidal multipoles. Since then, it was observed that multipoles are present electromagnetic structure systems at all scales, from elementary particles, solid state and metamaterials. dipole ${\bf T}$ (the lowest order multipole) is most common. In quantum systems, this corresponds operator $\hat{\bf T}$, with projectio...

This paper concerns the design and analysis, of a ball type continuously variable transmission, (B-CVT). This B-CVT has a simple kinematic structure, and same as a toroidal CVT, transmits power by friction on the contact points between input and output discs, that are connected to each other by balls. After, a brief introduction of our B-CVT structure, the performa...

The spatiotemporal self-organization of viscoresistive magnetohydrodynamics in a toroidal geometry is studied. Curl-free toroidal magnetic and electric fields are imposed. It is observed in our simulations that a flow is generated, which evolves from dominantly poloidal to toroidal when the Lundquist numbers are increased. It is shown that this toroidal organization of the flow is consistent wi...

Three-dimensional torus is a common topology of network interconnects of multicomputers due to its simplicity and high scalability. A parallel job submitted to a three-dimensional toroidal machine typically requires an isolated, contiguous, rectangular partition connected as a mesh or a torus. Such partitioning leads to fragmentation and thus reduces resource utilization of the machines. In par...

Tokamak has toroidal symmetry and symmetry breaking via application of non-axisymmetric field produces disccipation of toroidal momentum by NTV [1] and produces offset toroidal rotation [2]. Callen explained NTV physics and origin of offset toroidal rotation plainly without impurity [3] and with impurity [4]. For impurity, same toroidal rotation for ion and impurity is assumed in [4], which is ...

The toroidal dipole is a peculiar electromagnetic excitation that can not be presented in terms of standard electric and magnetic multipoles. A static toroidal dipole has been shown to lead to violation of parity in atomic spectra and many other unusual electromagnetic phenomena. The existence of electromagnetic resonances of toroidal nature was experimentally demonstrated only recently, first ...