Liquid hot (LHW) water pretreatment (LHW) of lignocellulosic material enhances enzymatic conversion of cellulose to glucose by solubilizing hemicellulose fraction of the biomass, while leaving the cellulose more reactive and accessible to cellulase enzymes. Within the range of pretreatment conditions tested in this study, the optimized LHW pretreatment conditions for a 15% (wt/vol) slurry of hy...

The pine wilt disease caused by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (BX), also known as pine wood nematode (PWN), is the most devastating disease of pine trees. In this study, we engineered a highly specific antibody (single-chain fragment variable, scFv) against B. xylophilus cellulase antigen (BXCa). The antibody was raised against highly antigenic cellulase purified from PWN that efficiently hydrolyz...

BACKGROUND Oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) is a lignocellulosic waste produced in palm oil industry. EFB mainly consists of cellulose, hemicellulose (mainly xylan) and lignin and has a great potential to be reused. Converting EFB to fermentable sugars and value-added chemicals is a much better choice than treating EFB as waste. RESULTS A cellulase-producing strain growing on oil palm empty f...

Cellulase (beta-1,4-glucan-glucanohydrolase EC 3.2.1.4) activity increased during abscission and was localized in the cell separation layer of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Red Kidney (bean), Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. Acala 4-42 (Cotton) and Coleus blumei Benth. Princeton strain (Coleus) abscission zone explants. Cellulase activity was optimum at pH 7, was reduced by one-half after heating to 55 de...

The aim of the present work was focused on the cellulase production by Aspergillus niger using different substrates (i.e) rice bran, wheat bran, black gram bran, coconut oil cake, groundnut oil cake, and gingely oil cake. Solid state fermentation holds tremendous potentials for the production of the enzyme cellulase by Aspergillus niger. These agro industrial residues are cheap raw materials fo...

Cellulase-producing bacteria were isolated from soil and identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilIs, E. coli, and Serratia marcescens. Optimization of the fermentation medium for maximum cellulase production was carried out. The culture conditions like pH, temperature, carbon sources, and nitrogen sources were optimized. The optimum conditions found for cellulase production were 4...

Defatted rice bran was subjected to cellulase treatment in order to increase its extractable oligosaccharides. Various combinations of enzyme concentration (0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0%), temperature (room, 30, 40, and 50 degrees C), and time (1, 3, 5, and 16 h) were tested to identify the optimum extraction conditions. The saccharide content and composition of the extracts were analyzed by high-pe...

Bioethanol from cellulosic raw material has proved to be the best alternative renewable energy source. Cellulase is a multienzyme complex catalyses the bioconversion of cellulose to glucose, which can be used for ethanol production. The objective of this research is to reduce the cost of cellulase production by optimization of fermentation conditions and modeling of the fermentation process. Re...

The physiology and anatomy of abscission has been studied in considerable detail; however, information on the regulation of gene expression in abscission has been limited because of a lack of probes for specific genes. We have identified and sequenced a 595 nucleotide bean (Phaseolus vulgaris cv Red Kidney) abscission cellulase cDNA clone (pBACl). The bean cellulase cDNA has extensive nucleic a...

The activity of pectin esterase and cellulase in abscission of citrus explants was studied. No relation was established between pectin esterase and abscission, while cellulase activity was markedly increased before abscission and for a certain period after excision. IAA and cycloheximide delay abscission and cellulase activity, while ethylene and, to a lesser extent, GA(3) accelerate them. Appl...