Measurements were taken from 18 patients operated on for cleft lip and palate, aged 19 to 27 years, and 162 control subjects matched for sex, age, and ethnic group. Nine soft-tissue landmarks on the lips were digitized by a three-dimensional electromagnetic instrument. From the landmarks, several linear distances (mouth width, philtrum width, vermilion height of upper and lower lip, total vermi...

Background Various sizes of implants need to be available during surgery. The purpose of this paper is to compare body height and shoe size with implant sizes in patients who underwent total knee replacement surgery to see which biomarker is a better predictor for preoperative planning to determine implant size. Methods A total of 100 knees, belonging to 50 females and 50 males, were observed...

Allometric equations for the estimation of tree volume and aboveground biomass in a tropical humid forest were developed based on direct measurements of 19 individuals of seven tree species in Northern Costa Rica. The volume and the biomass of the stems represented about two-thirds of the total volume and total aboveground biomass, respectively. The average stem volume varied between 4 and 11 M...