Stopped flow studies of the oxidative deamination of L-glutamate by TPN and beef liver glutamate dehydrogenase were performed at pH 6.5 and 7.6. At each pH value, the initial burst slopes obey an equation of the form: e/v = 40 + dd(TPN) + h/bglutamate) + &/(TPN)(L-glutamate). The agreement of dissociation constants for enzyme-TPN and enzyme-L-glutamate binary complexes obtained from the r#~ val...

Loss of intestinal epithelial barrier function (EBF) is a major problem associated with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) administration. We have previously identified intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL)-derived interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) as a contributing factor to this barrier loss. The objective was to determine whether other IEL-derived cytokines may also contribute to intestinal e...

We present a study of radial density structure of the star forming globule, DCld303.8-14.2 (DC303), and a non-star forming globule, Thumbprint Nebula (TPN), using near-infrared data taken with the ISAAC instrument on the Very Large Telescope. We derive the extinction through the globules using the color excess technique and examine the radial density distribution using Bonnor-Ebert and power-la...

1. The DPN+, DPNH, TPN+ and TPNH contents of a variety of animal tissues have been determined. 2. In all the tissues investigated DPN is present mainly in the oxidized form, whereas TPN is present chiefly and sometimes exclusively in the reduced form. 3. High total concentrations of both DPN and TPN are found in liver, adrenals, kidney and lactating mammary glands. The high level of TPN in ovar...

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) bypasses the gut leading to intestinal and hepatic dysfunction, including decreased hepatic cytochrome P450 (P450) activity. Glutamine prevents the TPN-associated changes in gut function and morphology. This study examined the effect of glutamine supplementation on hepatic P450 activities in male Sprague-Dawley rats receiving continuous TPN. Animals received con...

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) administration in a mouse model leads to a local mucosal inflammatory response, resulting in a loss of epithelial barrier function (EBF). Although, the underlying mechanisms are unknown, a major contributing factor is a loss of growth factors and subsequent critical downstream signaling. An important component of these is the p-Akt pathway. An additional contrib...

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) signaling are critical for effective proliferative and apoptotic actions; however, little is known about the codependency of these signaling pathways in the intestinal epithelium. Because total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is associated with loss of intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) proliferation and increased apoptosis, we utilized...

When enteral nutrition is excluded from animals maintained solely with total parenteral nutrition (TPN), atrophy of the intestinal mucosa is observed. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are produced in the colon by the fermentation of dietary carbohydrates and fiber polysaccharides and have been shown to stimulate mucosal-cell mitotic activity in the intestine. This study compared the effects of a...

Stopped flow studies of the oxidative deamination of L-glutamate by TPN and beef liver glutamate dehydrogenase were performed at pH 6.5 and 7.6. At each pH value, the initial burst slopes obey an equation of the form: e/v = 40 + dd(TPN) + h/bglutamate) + &/(TPN)(L-glutamate). The agreement of dissociation constants for enzyme-TPN and enzyme-L-glutamate binary complexes obtained from the r#~ val...

In this paper, we propose a method for building the state class graph of a bounded time Petri net (TPN) as a timed automaton (TA), which we call the state class timed automaton. We consider bounded TPN, whose underlying net is not necessarily bounded. We prove that our translation preserves the behavioural semantics of the TPN (the initial TPN and the obtained TA are proved timed-bisimilar). It...