Chromatographic techniques have been developed and successfully applied for the analysis of a considerable of number of organic and inorganic compounds present at trace level in sometimes complicated accompanying matrices. The rapid development of new chromatographic instrumentation and separation strategies resulted in the increase of the number of chromatographic technologies with higher sepa...

We compared the rejection behaviours of three hydrophobic trace organic contaminants, bisphenol A, triclosan and diclofenac, in forward osmosis (FO) and reverse osmosis (RO). Using erythritol, xylose and glucose as inert reference organic solutes and the membrane pore transport model, the mean effective pore size of a commercial cellulose-based FO membrane was estimated to be 0.74 nm. When NaCl...

[1] We report the detection of a class of related oxygenated compounds by proton-transfer-reaction mass-spectrometry (PTR-MS) that have rarely or never been observed as a group using in situ instrumentation. Measurements were made as part of the International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation (ICARTT) 2004 in Chebogue Point, Nova Scotia. The detected class of c...

Lasers and laser spectroscopic techniques have been extensively used in several applications since their advent, and the subject has been reviewed extensively in the last several decades. This review is focused on three areas of laser spectroscopic applications in atmospheric and environmental sensing; namely laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS), and photolumin...

Little is known about the effect of fluorides on bacteria. In large concentrations inorganic and organic fluoride compounds inhibit growth. Fluorine is not known to be an essential trace element for bacteria, fungi, or algae. Recently Davis and Dubos (1947) have shown that fluoride inhibits the action of a lipase on "tween 80" in concentrations that do not affect the growth of Mycobacterium tub...

The electroanalytical techniques of pulse polarography, stripping voltammetry and on-line electrochemical detection have been used for the identification and determination of trace concentrations of a wide variety of environmentally significant organic molecules, usually after the application of sample pretreatment procedures, certain separation techniques and, in some cases, derivatisation. Cl...

background: volatile organic compounds (vocs) are human-made chemicals widely spread in the environment and produced by petrochemical industries and petroleum refineries. the aim of this research was to evaluate the distribution of vocs in the ambient air of mahshahr petrochemical complex, iran. methods: this study was a cross-sectional research performed in 2009. we used the method numbered 15...

Trace metals such as mercury, especially its organic compounds, are an important risk to the environment and to man due to their accumulation in the food chain. For this reason, the routine determination of the very toxic methylmercury, and of other organic and inorganic mercury compounds in marine and land animals, vegetables, fruits and fresh water is of increasing importance in health and en...

Organic contaminants [polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs), nonylphenols], organotin compounds and trace metals (cadmium, chromium, mercury and zinc) were determined in flounder (Platichthys flesus) liver and sediment from the Amsterdam harbour (North Sea Canal) and Rotterdam harbour (Euromonding) and off the Dutch coast betwe...

First of all, the detection limit (or calibration range), in general, shifts lower by two orders of magnitude. Quantitative analysis of food or environmental samples for organic contaminants at parts-per billion (ppb) or parts-per-trillion (ppt) levels, places additional emphasis on all parts of the GC/MS/MS system (inlet, capillary column, and mass spectrometer ion source, in particular) to be...