A cone penetrometer is widely used in tillage and off-road mobility research as an indicator of soil strength and density characteristics. Light-weight, manually operated units are especially useful in recording cone index determination at remote field locations. An electronically hand-pushed soil penetrometer with a microcontroller-based data logging system was designed and fabricated to provi...

In a typical automatic guidance system for agricultural machines, the guidance system controls only one degree of freedom; either the steering angle of the front wheels of the tractor or other steering equipment is used for steering. In a tractor with the multiple degrees of freedom, like four wheel steering, the guidance system may use both the degrees of freedom for path tracking. However, th...

We explore the effect of microbial activity stimulated by root exudates on the penetrometer resistance of soil and its elastic modulus. This is important because it is a measure of the mechanical strength of soil and it correlates closely with the rate of elongation of roots. A sandy soil was incubated with a synthetic root exudate at different temperatures, for different lengths of time and wi...

in this research was designed a differential lock control system. the system was test and evaluated after fabrication and its accuracy and precision was determined. a field experiment with three replications was conducted to investigate the effect of gear ratio, the method of tractor movement during plowing and differential position on drive wheel slippage and fuel consumption of mf399 tractor ...

In this paper, we present a multi-modal dataset for obstacle detection in agriculture. The dataset comprises approximately 2 h of raw sensor data from a tractor-mounted sensor system in a grass mowing scenario in Denmark, October 2016. Sensing modalities include stereo camera, thermal camera, web camera, 360 ∘ camera, LiDAR and radar, while precise localization is available from fused IMU and G...

A small, truck-type slewing crane with a grab was centrally mounted at the front of an 8-ton box-type tipping trailer. The crane and grab were operated by the hydraulic system of the tractor. Attempts to modify the control valves of the crane were not successful and it was concluded that the standard controls supplied for truck-type cranes were not suitable for this purpose. A standard double-a...

Solution is developed for the build!up\ steady and post!arrest dissipative pore ~uid pressure _elds that develop around a conical penetrometer advanced in a poroelastic medium[ The analog with cone penetrometer testing is direct\ and is used to enable continuous distributions of permeability and di}usivity to be determined\ with depth[ Solution for a point normal dislocation migrating in a poro...

This study investigates the influence of blade lifting angles, tractor forward speed, and power take off (PTO) speed on degree mulching. Four blades with different two PTO speeds, three speeds were assessed using parametric test at Universiti Putra Malaysia oil palm plantation. The result shows that best-fit regression equation was a quadratic high coefficient determination. It indicates any ch...