According to the cultural trade-off hypothesis, individualism and collectivism entail inverse costs and benefits for the two dimensions of global self-esteem. Specifically, individualism is described as promoting the development of self-competence but inhibiting the development of self-liking. Collectivism is described as doing the opposite. To examine the hypothesis, Malaysian (collectivist) a...

There has been substantial recent interest in the possible role of oxidative stress as a mechanism underlying life-history trade-offs, particularly with regard to reproductive costs. Several recent papers have found no evidence that reproduction increases oxidative damage and so have questioned the basis of the hypothesis that oxidative damage mediates the reproduction-lifespan trade-off. Howev...

Abstract In this paper we test two versions of convergence hypothesis namely deterministic or conditional convergence and stochastic or catching up hypothesis using Carrion-i-Silvestre et al. (2005) stationary test. The results show Latin and South American countries (LSA) catching up process toward the USA failed in 1980s and somewhat in 1990s. But in 2000s most of them could lie in converge...

soil erosion is a serious problem especially in northern parts of iran. one themost important side effects on soil erosion may be the decline in qualities of soil refers toagricultural productivity. so it is very important to assess the soil erosion risk for thesustainable development of agriculture. this study outlines ways undertaken to provide anew tool to manage water erosion from physical ...

The growth of regional trade blocks has been one of the major developments in international relations in recent years. Regional agreements vary widely but, all have the objective of reducing barriers to trade between member countries that in most cases result in increasingly trade flows and economic growth. This paper attempts to explore the results of trade integration in ECO, EU and OIC block...

abstract in this paper we test two versions of convergence hypothesis namely deterministic or conditional convergence and stochastic or catching up hypothesis using carrion-i-silvestre et al. (2005) stationary test. the results show latin and south american countries (lsa) catching up process toward the usa failed in 1980s and somewhat in 1990s. but in 2000s most of them could lie in convergenc...

This paper focuses on Indo-Iranian merchandise trade for a period of 30 years from1980-81 to 2009-10. The study is based on econometric modeling comprising 3 versions of the RWM model and alternative forms and specification of regression functions. RWM model(s) evaluates the stationary nature of time series data relating to GNP, Exports, Imports and total merchandise Indo-Iranian trade. Dickey-...