Riparian areas link streams with their terrestrial catchments and decrease water pollution by trapping sediments from upland sources before they reach streams or lakes. Livestock grazing in riparian areas is a controversial practice. If not properly managed, cattle can cause degradation to both the riparian zone and adjacent water body. Vegetative, soil microtopographical, microchannel and hydr...

Due to the destruction of alpine ecosystems by extreme human trampling, some areas are closed tourists. After years regeneration, a tendency toward reopening these for tourism is envisaged. Although numerous studies have documented vegetative responses trampling disturbance, research that thoroughly examines impacts on vegetation at different organizational levels often limited. Most previous d...

Abstract Farming of Eucheuma denticulatum is a major activity in Zanzibar affecting seagrass ecosystems primarily through shading and trampling. The aim this study was to test the impacts trampling during seaweed farming on meadows composed by Halophila stipulacea Thalassia hemprichii their associated benthic macroalgae. Areas covered these species were selected for building farms three treatme...

Plant communities in northern Quebec-Labrador, Canada have been severely grazed and trampled since the early 1980s by the increasingly large George River caribou herd (GRCH). To evaluate changes in species dominance associated with caribou disturbance, we compared past and present ground vegetation from 14 lichen woodlands. Plant remains from superficial organic horizons indicate that ground ve...

South African savanna grasslands are often characterised by indigestible tufted grass species whereas lawn grasses are far more desirable in terms of herbivore sustenance. We aimed to investigate the role of nutrients and/or the disturbance (grazing, trampling) by herbivores on the formation of grazing lawns. We conducted a series of common garden experiments to test the effect of nutrients on ...

Alpine grassland ecosystem supports high diversity of terrestrial flora and fauna species. Despite the ecological importance economic potential this unique type, it experiences increasing anthropogenic disturbances such as trampling, which impose negative impact on health integrity alpine grasslands. Previous studies trampling vegetation mainly focus changes in cover taxonomic after disturbance...

The impacts of fragmentation and recreational use on the hemiboreal urban forest understorey vegetation and the microbial community of the humus layer (the phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) pattern, microbial biomass and microbial activity, measured as basal respiration) were examined in the greater Helsinki area, southern Finland. Trampling tolerance of 1) herb-rich OMT, 2) mesic MT, and 3) sub-x...

ure from Greek mythology for nearly 3 millennia. Central to his myth is the story cycle about the 12 presumably impossible labors he carried out for the loathed King Eurystheus. Sometimes overlooked is that Hercules performed those tasks as penance for having murdered his own wife and children during a fit of madness. For the fourth labor, Eurystheus ordered Hercules to capture the vicious Erym...