To study the mechanisms of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol lowering by peroral and transdermal estrogen replacement therapy (ERT), 79 hysterectomized postmenopausal women aged 48 to 62 years were randomized in a double-blind double-dummy trial to receive either peroral estradiol valerate (2 mg/d) or transdermal estradiol gel (1 mg/d) for 6 months. Plasma LDL cholesterol decreased from...

OBJECTIVES The route of estrogen administration is an important determinant of the risk of the first venous thromboembolism (VTE) event in postmenopausal women using hormone therapy (HT). However, the impact of transdermal estrogens on VTE recurrence risk has not been investigated. The aim of our study was to assess the impact of HT by route of estrogen administration on the risk of recurrent V...

Transdermal delivery that avoids the presystemic disposition can provide an alternative to oral administration of tadalafil. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to select the best vehicle as the first step in optimization of tadalafil transdermal delivery. The vehicles were used neat or in selected binary combinations and were evaluated for drug solubilization and transdermal delivery. The d...

BACKGROUND Although use of long-acting opioid analgesics has increased for chronic nonmalignant pain management, little is known about patient-reported utilization patterns. OBJECTIVE To assess patient-reported utilization patterns of fentanyl transdermal system and oxycodone hydrochloride (HCl) controlled-release among patients with chronic nonmalignant pain and to compare these patterns to ...

Coming Soon 10:15 Networking Coffee Break Critical Issues—The Pharmacokinetics of Transdermal Delivery 10:40 Minimization of CYP2D6 Polymorphic Differences and Improved Bioavailability via Transdermal Administration Thean Yeoh, Ph.D., Associate Research Fellow, Pfizer Transdermal delivery has the potential to offer improved bioavailability by circumventing first-pass gut and hepatic metabolism....

OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that by enhancing parasympathetic activity, low dose transdermal scopolamine would increase heart rate variability after myocardial infarction. BACKGROUND Low heart rate variability is associated with increased mortality after acute myocardial infarction. METHODS Conventional time domain heart rate variability was measured from 24-h Holter recordings of 61 consecu...

OBJECTIVE In the light of the reported inconsistent anti-ischaemic and antianginal effects of transdermal glyceryl trinitrate, its efficacy and influence on the effects of intracoronary glyceryl trinitrate were examined during coronary angioplasty, which provides a model of controlled, reversible ischaemia. DESIGN Double blind, randomised study of the effect of transdermal and intracoronary g...

the aim of the present study was to investigate the influence and the mechanisms of cineoleand terpineol on the in-vitro transdermal delivery of huperzine a from microemulsions, andtheir potential synergistic effect on the permeation enhancement. the transdermal deliveryof huperzine a from microemulsions with different concentrations of cineole and terpineolthrough the rat abdominal skin was de...

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Chest wall tuberculosis (TB) is an endemic disease with a large number of variants. The condition affects numerous parts of the body and can penetrate the skin to form chronic open ulcers. Current treatment methods include oral anti-TB drugs and surgery. However, conventional drug treatments are not effective due to the difficulty in achieving an effective local concentration, and certain patie...