Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is a cytokine with pleiotropic functions in hematopoiesis, angiogenesis, cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis. Although its role in rheumatoid arthritis is not well defined, TGF-β activation leads to functional immunomodulatory effects according to environmental conditions. The function of TGF-β in the development of arthritis in m...

Mutations in genes encoding members of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta superfamily have been identified in idiopathic forms of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The current study examined whether perturbations to the TGF-beta/Smad2,3 signalling axis occurred in a monocrotaline (MCT) rodent model of experimental PAH. Expression of the TGF-beta signalling machinery was assessed in ...

Chronic wounds affect more than 2% of the population worldwide, with a significant burden on affected individuals, healthcare systems, and societies. A key regulator entire wound healing cascade is transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), which regulates not only inflammation extracellular matrix formation but also revascularization. This present work aimed at characterizing tissues obtained fr...

background : several recent studies demonstrated that transforming growth factor beta (tgf-β), by stimulating t regulatory cells, and interleukins 6 and 17 (il-6, il- 17), by inducing inflammatory reactions, may be critical factors in cancer pathogenesis. methods : we used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assays to quantify the expression of il-17, il-6 and tgf-β mrna in periphe...

Background and Purpose: TGF-β is a potent regulator and suppressor of the immune system and overproduction of this cytokine may contribute to immunosuppression in HIV-infected patients. Increasing population of immunosuppressed patients has resulted in increasingly frequent of fungal infections, including oral candidiasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the plasma levels of TGF-&bet...

In the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), maintenance inflammation and loss tolerance is essential. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) a regulatory cytokine with pleiotropic function. TGF-β inhibits differentiation T helper (Th1, Th2) cells promotes development peripheral Tregs. The aim our study was to explore plasma levels perform its correlativ...

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a multifunctional protein that induces gene expression of cartilage-specific molecules, but its exact role in the process of chondrogenesis is unclear. Because recent studies suggest that TGF-β can facilitate chondrogenic precursor cells differentiating into chondrocytes, we sought to determine whether TGF-β prevents denervation-induced reduction of en...

Background: Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) has been found to play a crucial role in early central nervous system development. Several studies have illustrated decreased TGF-β1 levels in sera and brains of autistic children. Two point mutations in the TGF-β1 signal peptide at 869T/C and 915G/C have been reported to influence TGF-β1 expression. The aim of the pres...

Introduction Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily members play diverse roles in cartilage development and maintenance. TGF-β not only up-regulates a number of molecules associated with prechondrogenic condensation, it also up-regulates chondrogenic gene expression through several signaling pathways. Moreover, TGF-β has been reported to inhibit osteoblast differentiation by repres...