The counterfactual tradition to defining actual causation has come a long way since Lewis started it off. However there are still important open problems that need to be solved. One of them is the (in)transitivity of causation. Endorsing transitivity was a major source of trouble for the approach taken by Lewis, which is why currently most approaches reject it. But transitivity has never lost i...

This study aims to unmask ideological stances of Vladimir Putin by using transitivity analysis. The dataset obtained from the transcription Interview in Financial Times newspaper 2019. By adopting Transitivity analysis Halliday and Matthiessen’s theory (2014) enable uncover based on lexicogrammar system process types. findings show that highest frequency used Putin’s interview Material , Mental...

A general framework for studying the transitivity of reciprocal relations is presented. The key feature is the cyclic evaluation of transitivity: triangles (i.e. any three points) are visited in a cyclic manner. An upper bound function acting upon the ordered weights encountered provides an upper bound for the ‘sum minus 1’ of these weights. Commutative quasi-copulas allow to translate a genera...

The concepts of fuzzy transitivity of a fuzzy relation on a given universe and the measure of fuzzy transitivity are studied with the use of Gödel fuzzy implicator.

One of the most prominent properties in real-world networks is the presence of a community structure, i.e. dense and loosely interconnected groups of nodes called communities. In an attempt to better understand this concept, we study the relationship between the strength of the community structure and the network transitivity (or clustering coefficient). Although intuitively appealing, this ana...

The structural-analytic literature of the past decade indicates that transitivity in social networks is an important concern. However, existing structural analytic methods are frequently unable to deal directly with the substantive and methodological problems posed by transitive relations in social structures (Berkowitz, 1982). These difficulties typically surface in one of two contexts. First,...

The concept of topological transitivity goes back to G. D. Birkhoff [1]

the value of good X (x-axis) and such that the response is menu dependent (red when X is offered against Y, blue when X is offered against Z). Transitivity violations (i.e., cases where x-axis orderings are not conserved on the y-axis) are possible, as for X1, X2, X3. However, if the representation is menu invariant (i.e., if red and blue lines coincide), transitivity violations cannot occur. I...

Abstract This study tried to examine the relationship between language strategies/sources and ideologies, and how ideologies are constructed and expressed through language strategies in different English newspapers with different political contexts. The focus of the study was on the style of representation of Syrian civil war in Tehran-Times and Asharq Al-Awsat newspapers. The data from these n...

It has often been remarked that the metatheory of strong reduction , the combinatory analogue of βη-reduction βη in λ -calculus, is rather complicated. In particular, although the confluence of is an easy consequence of βη being confluent, no direct proof of this fact is known. Curry and Hindley’s problem, dating back to 1958, asks for a self-contained proof of the confluence of , one which mak...