With the advent of the Web, cross-language information retrieval (CLIR) becomes important not only to satisfy the information need across languages but to mine resources for multiple languages e.g. parallel or comparable documents. Broadly CLIR techniques are of two types, in the first case, either queries or documents are translated to the language of comparison while the other type tries to p...

Abstract Outcomes-oriented assessment in translingual language education carries with it the necessary definition of object learning and concomitant verifiability or construct validity means assessment. At same time, pedagogies for multilingual creativity should ideally seek to identify dimensions that effectively reflect their intended outcome. While reflection critical thinking increasingly f...

Vector-based information retrieval methods such as the vector space model (VSM), latent semantic indexing (LSI), and the generalized vector space model (GVSM) represent both queries and documents by high-dimensional vectors learned from analyzing a training corpus of text. VSM scales well to large collections, but cannot represent term–term correlations, which prevents it from being used in tra...

With the ever growing volumes of dynamic content enterprises are faced with serious difficulties to handle, manage and analyze information in many languages and across different cultural boundaries. Therefore, there is a need to employ more open and collaborative approaches based on recent Web technologies and the concepts of utility computing to allow the existing language ecosystems to succes...

The burgeoning work of translanguaging and bilingualism has much to offer adolescent learning spaces in order provide bi/multilingual students more equitable opportunities engage disciplinary literacy at the high school level, particularly where there are many low-incidence languages. Drawing from critical theories both language research, we conducted this three-year study two U.S. schools (gra...