Chaos is the likely outcome of the interaction between a parasite and a host with discrete generations, if the parasite's virulence is high and if transmission from one generation to the next is held constant. We studied two alternative routes of transmission-vertical transmission from infecteds to their offspring, and transmission via long-lasting spores produced in those individuals that were...

Mathematical models of disease dynamics tend to assume that individuals within a population mix at random and so transmission is random, and yet, in reality social structure creates heterogeneous contact patterns. We investigated the effect of heterogeneity in host contact patterns on potential macroparasite transmission by first quantifying the level of assortativity in a socially structured w...

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to conduct a systematic review of multi-scale HIV immunoepidemiological models to improve our understanding of the synergistic impact between the HIV viral-immune dynamics at the individual level and HIV transmission dynamics at the population level. BACKGROUND While within-host and between-host models of HIV dynamics have been well studied at a single...

This study presents a deterministic model for the environmental transmission dynamics of monkeypox (MPX) in presence quarantine and vaccination. The analysis established three important equilibrium states namely; monkeypox-free (MPXV-FE), infected rodent-free endemic (IRF-EE), coexistence (CO-EE). local global stability is examined terms reproduction numbers. For stability, comparison theory us...

Influenza transmission efficiency in ferrets is vital for risk-assessment studies. However, the inability to monitor viral infection and transmission dynamics in real time only provides a glimpse into transmissibility. Here we exploit a replication-competent influenza reporter virus to investigate dynamics of infection/transmission in ferrets. Bioluminescent imaging of ferrets infected with A/C...

Viral phylodynamics is defined as the study of how epidemiological, immunological, and evolutionary processes act and potentially interact to shape viralphylogenies. Since the coining of the term in 2004, research on viral phylodynamics has focused on transmission dynamics in an effort to shed light on how these dynamics impact viral genetic variation. Transmission dynamics can be considered at...