In recent years, significant research efforts have been devoted to the optimal planning of power systems. Substation Expansion Planning (SEP) as a sub-system of power system planning consists of finding the most economical solution with the optimal location and size of future substations and/or feeders to meet the future load demand. The large number of design variables and combination of discr...

in this scientific research, mno2 nanoparticles (nps) have been successfully prepared by a precipitation method using kmno4, mnso4.h2o and h2o2 (30%) as the precursors. as-prepared sample was identified by x-ray diffraction (xrd), scanning electron microscopy (sem), transmission electron microscopy (tem) and infrared (ir) techniques. the transmission electron microscopy (tem) showed 7-8 nm rang...

In this paper a new market Based approach for transmission expansion planning in deregulated power systems is presented. Restructuring and deregulation has exposed transmission planner to new objectives and uncertainties. Therefore, new criteria and approaches are needed for transmission planning in deregulated environments. In this paper we introduced a new method for computing the Locational ...

In recent years the expansion planning problem has become increasingly complex. As expansion planning (sometimes called composite or integrated resource planning) is a non-linear and nonconvex optimization problem, researchers have traditionally focused on approximate models of power flows to solve the problem. The problem has also been split into generation expansion planning (GEP) and transmi...

The expansion of the transmission network will be a key enabler energy transition. However, high level technical detail involved in studies, where DCPF and consideration discrete investment are necessary, meant that it was accessible only to very specialized researchers. OpenTEPES changes picture by providing an open-access tool with full functionality. determines plans for new power facilities...