Transmission routes of the hepatitis E virus (HEV) are under debate. Here, we studied possible sexual transmission by comparing HEV prevalence in a Dutch sexual high-risk population (n = 1,482) with that in a general population (n = 1,487) while assessing sociodemographic and sexual risk factors. Overall prevalence of anti-HEV IgG of 18.9% (n = 562) was, adjusting for confounders, similar betwe...

By extending a mechanistic model for the tick-borne pathogen systemic transmission with consideration of seasonal climate impacts, host movement as well co-feeding route, this paper proposes novel modeling framework describing spatial dynamics diseases. The net reproduction number tick growth and basic disease are derived, which predict global population transmission. Numerical simulations not ...

The paper addresses mobility control routing in robotic sensor wireless networks, where either mobile sensors or mobile actuators assist in wireless data intensive transmissions from sensors. Given a communication request between a source destination pair, the problem is to find a route and move each node on the route to its desired location, such that total transmission power is minimized. We ...

The design of efficient routing protocols for Ad hoc networks is a complex issue. These networks need efficient algorithms to determine ad hoc connectivity and routing. MANET aims not only to provide correct and efficient routes between pair of nodes but also to provide energy efficient route to maximize the life time of ad hoc mobile networks. In this paper, a dynamic energy conscious routing ...

Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) being an emerging technology has in recent years received research focus. Considered to be the next step in the evolution of wireless networks, WMNs promises greater flexibility, reliability and performance. In wireless mesh networks, there are multiple potential paths exist between any pair of mesh stations; as each route uses a different set of links with varying...

Power saving is one of the key issues in mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET), while previous researches in MAC layer are mostly focused on improving the channel utilization by adopting variable-range transmission power control. In this paper we focus on the power savings in the network layer, and propose a power adjusting algorithm (we term it PAA). In the presence of mobile host’s mobility, PAA is ...

Initially HIV infection in Arad County was impacting infant population. Later most of the new cases were adults, but even so trends in recent years are moving in the same way for adults and children, the latter being infected through vertical transmission. The hypothesis was to determine the relationship between age of cases at diagnosis moment and route of transmission in more than two decades...

Non-human animals can acquire novel route preferences by following knowledgeable individuals. Such socially learned route preferences can be stably maintained over multiple transmission episodes, sometimes forming long-lived traditions. In humans, preferences for familiar routes or heavily used worn trails over unfamiliar ones have been described in various contexts. However, social learning of...

background the rate of mother-to-infant hepatitis c virus (hcv) transmission is relatively low, however, this mode of infection is the most important route for childhood hcv involvement. the chances of transmission are increased by the level of maternal hcv viraemia and maternal human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) co infection. objectives the objective of the present study was to determine the p...