objectives: the aim of this study was to assess and compare the characteristics of commonly used initial archwires by their load deflection graphs. materials and methods : this study tested three wire designs namely copper nickel titanium (cnt), nickel titanium (niti), and multi-strand niti (msnt) archwires engaged in passive self-ligating (psl) brackets, active self-ligating (asl) brackets or ...

The Advanced Photon Source (APS) at Argonne National Laboratory is exploring the possibility of using radio frequency deflection to generate x-ray radiation pulses on the order of 1 pico-second (Delta t – 70%) or less [1]. This scheme is based on a proposal by A. Zholents et al. [2] that relies on manipulating the transverse momentum of the electrons in a bunch by using an rf deflecting cavity ...

The static deflection profile of a large spin-stabilized space reflector because of solar radiation pressure acting on its surface is investigated. Such a spacecraft consists of a thin reflective circular film, which is deployed from a supporting hoop structure in an untensioned, slack manner. This paper investigates the use of a variable reflectivity distribution across the surface to control ...

Displacement finite element models of various beam theories have been developed using traditional finite element interpolations (i.e., Hermite cubic or equi-spaced Lagrange functions). Various finite element models of beams differ from each other in the choice of the interpolation functions used for the transverse deflection w, total rotation φ and/or shear strain γxz, or in the integral form u...

We consider geometric and material nonlinearities when studying numerically the transient three-dimensional elastic deformations of a plate with piezoceramic elements perfectly bonded to its top and bottom surfaces, and analyze the effect of the shape and the size of the piezoceramic actuators on increasing the buckling load of the plate. The applied compressive edge load is assumed to increase...

Hadamard transform spatial multiplexing techniques are applied to laser densitometry in order to prevent the photo-induced degradation of sensitive materials. Photochemical and thermal degradations can often occur in point focused scanning laser densitometry. In spatial multiplexing, the excitation source is defocused and efficiently distributed throughout the sample, reducing local power densi...

The observation of betatron oscillations following a deflection by a kicker pulse offers the possibility to study various machine parameters. The decoherence and recoherence of a bunch’s centre-of-charge signal, for example, is governed by chromaticity, momentum spread and transverse nonlinearities. The multi-turn acquisition system of the CERN PS is able to store the beam position information ...

The age-related deterioration in the quality (e.g., strength and fracture resistance) and quantity (e.g., bone-mineral density) of human bone, together with increased life expectancy, is responsible for increasing incidence of bone fracture in the elderly. The present study describes ex vivo fracture experiments to quantitatively assess the effect of aging on the fracture toughness properties o...

A closed-form solution for deflections and stresses in an annular thin plate of radially functionally graded material under transverse uniform pressure loading is presented. The small displacement theory of elasticity is assumed in the present work. Young’s modulus of the material is taken in the form of a simple power law to vary in the radial direction with an arbitrary exponent showing heter...

The angular deflection of a 28.5 GeV electron beam passing off-axis between the jaws of a collimator, generating a transverse wakefield, were measured in End Station A (ESA) at SLAC. In total, fifteen different configurations of collimator geometry and material were tested: some were chosen for compatibility with previous measurements while others served to study the effect of geometry and tape...