...........................................................................................ii Acknowledgments...............................................................................iii List of figures and tables.........................................................................v Introduction........................................................................................1 Th...

The samples collected from sheep's blood from(Al-Mihnawiya Village) in Babylon province , middle of Hilla Iraq the end May month-2021. This investigation aim to knowledge presence types Brucella spp. blood. is pathogen zoonotic disease between animals and human. bacteria isolated identification by pcr. results revealed all after senting these DNA sequence noticed two species included B.melitens...

Variations in genetic mutations in pancreatic carcinoma between different populations have not been studied extensively, especially in developing countries where pancreatic cancer is rare. We studied the molecular pathology of 44 pancreatic carcinomas from patients residing in a heavily polluted region in the Nile River delta and compared the findings with tumors from 44 United States (US) pati...

PURPOSE The development of hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with the chronic inflammation of the liver caused by various factors such as hepatitis B or C virus infection. Previously, we reported DNA binding protein A (dbpA) as a candidate molecule that can accelerate inflammation-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. DbpA belongs to the Y-box binding protein family, and Y-box binding protein-1 (Y...

Background: KDM3A is a key epigenetic regulator that is expressed in the testis and is required for packaging and condensation of sperm chromatin. To this point, the association of the KDM3A gene and infertility has not been studied in human. The aim of this study was to screen any new mutation in KDM3A gene to explore more details of human male infertility. Methods: In this work, 150 infertile...

BACKGROUND & AIMS Development of resistance results from mutations in the viral genome, and the presence of selective drug pressure leads to the emergence of a resistant virus population. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of genetic variability on the genetic barrier to drug resistance to DAAs. METHODS The genetic barrier was quantified based on the number and type of nucleotide...

Examining the pattern of nucleotide substitution for the control region of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in humans and chimpanzees, we developed a new mathematical method for estimating the number of transitional and transversional substitutions per site, as well as the total number of nucleotide substitutions. In this method, excess transitions, unequal nucleotide frequencies, and variation of sub...

Studying and understanding the changes in molecular sequences of plants are important to better identification classifying species. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions consider an informative genetic sequence find out variation among species same genus. In this study, ITS Haplophyllum collected Ashdagh Mountain were amplified, analyzed, compared with reference gathered from gene bank. The...

Antibiotic resistance of Salmonella species is well reported. Ciprofloxacin the frontline antibiotic for salmonellosis. The repeated exposure to ciprofloxacin leads resistant strains. After 20 cycles exposure, bacterial clones were evaluated. colony size mutants was small and had an extended lag phase compared parent strain. whole genome sequencing showed 40,513 mutations across genome. Small p...

UV radiation is a potent DNA-damaging agent and a known inducer of skin cancer in experimental animals. To elucidate the role of oncogenes in UV carcinogenesis, we analyzed UV-induced murine skin tumors for mutations in codon 12, 13, or 61 of Ha-ras, Ki-ras, and N-ras oncogenes by amplification of genomic tumor DNAs by the polymerase chain reaction followed by dot-blot hybridization to syntheti...