This paper reports a polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic model system that can develop an array of nearly identical human microtissues with interconnected vascular networks. The microfluidic system design is based on an analogy with an electric circuit, applying resistive circuit concepts to design pressure dividers in serially-connected microtissue chambers. A long microchannel (550, 620 and 775...

We propose a new approach to assigning distance between fuzzy numbers. A pseudo-metric on the set of fuzzy numbers and a metric on the set of trapezoidal fuzzy numbers are described. The regular reducing functions and the Hausdorff metric are used to define the metric. Using this metric, we can approximate an arbitrary generalized left right fuzzy number with a trapezoidal one. Finally, powers ...

It is generally agreed that of all quadrature formulae, the trapezoidal rule, while being the simplest, is also the least accurate. There is, however, a rather general class of integrals for which the trapezoidal rule can be shown to be a highly accurate means of obtaining numerical values. Specifically, if the integrand is a periodic, even function with all derivatives continuous, then the int...

Defuzzification is the process of converting a fuzzy quantity to precise quantity, just as fuzzification is the conversion of a precise quantity to a fuzzy quantity. Various types of defuzzification methods, are available for conversion of fuzzy to non-fuzzy. In this paper, defuzzification functions in intuitionistic fuzzy environment such as triangular, trapezoidal, L-trapezoidal, R-trapezoida...

The present work proposes towards flow pattern prediction in a liquidliquid microchannel flow through a circular channel. Mass transfer in a microchannel mainly depends on the flow regime inside the channel. The liquid-liquid two phase flow regime in a microchannel depends on the flow velocity and the junction characteristics. Hence, the prediction of patterns has a superior role for the charac...

trapezoidal channels are frequently used in irrigation networks and other free surface water conveyance systems. the computation of the critical flow depth is one of the primary importance in the design process. it is usually determined by using design charts of iteration techniques. however, researchers have recently proposed formulas that directly provide approximate solutions. this paper pre...

P-normGeneralizedTrapezoidalIntuitionisticFuzzyNumberisthemostgeneralizedformofFuzzy aswellasIntuitionisticFuzzyNumber.Ithasahugeapplicationwhilesolvingvariousproblemsin impreciseenvironment.Inthispapertheauthorshavediscussedsomebasicarithmeticoperationsof p-normGeneralizedTrapezoidalIntuitionisticFuzzyNumbersusingtwodifferentmethods(extensio...

The surface energy present in a small drop of liquid is used to pump the liquid through a microchannel. The flow rate is determined by the volume of the drop present on the pumping port of the microchannel. A flow rate of 1.25 microL s(-1) is demonstrated using 0.5 microL drops of water. Two other fluid manipulations are demonstrated using the passive pumping method: pumping liquid to a higher ...

Tubular channel angular pressing (TCAP) is a recently invented novel severe plastic deformation technique for producing UFG tubes. Plastic deformation analysis using the finite element method (FEM) was carried out to investigate the effects of trapezoidal channel geometry on strain inhomogeneity index (SII), strain level and required load compared to previously used channel geometries. The resu...

We propose a generalization of trapezoidal fuzzy numbers based on modal interval theory, which we name “modal interval trapezoidal fuzzy numbers”. In this generalization, we accept that the alpha cuts associated with a trapezoidal fuzzy number can be modal intervals, also allowing that two interval modalities can be associated with a trapezoidal fuzzy number. In this context, it is difficult to...