Trauma is a leading cause of death and disability around the world. Injuries are responsible for about six million deaths annually, of which ninety percent occur in developing countries. In Iran, injuries are the most common cause of death among age groups below fifty. Trauma system development is a systematic and comprehensive approach to injury prevention and treatment whose effectiveness has...

Early hospital management of trauma patients is a daily activity for most emergency physicians. The ability to quickly assess, stabilize and initiate treatment of these patients is critically important to optimize outcomes. This issue of “Resident Journal Review” focuses on selected updates in the trauma literature. We specifically review new developments in trauma pharmacology, biomarkers in t...

Early hospital management of trauma patients is a daily activity for most emergency physicians. The ability to quickly assess, stabilize and initiate treatment of these patients is critically important to optimize outcomes. This issue of “Resident Journal Review” focuses on selected updates in the trauma literature. We specifically review new developments in trauma pharmacology, biomarkers in t...

Although the treatment strategy for colorectal trauma has advanced during the last part of the twentieth century and the result has improved, compared to other injuries, problems, such as high septic complication rates and mortality rates, still exist, so standard management for colorectal trauma is still a controversial issue. For that reason, we designed this article to address current recomm...

BACKGROUND Pancreatic injury can pose a formidable challenge to the surgeon, and failure to manage it correctly may have devastating consequences for the patient. Management options for pancreatic trauma are reviewed and technical issues highlighted. METHOD The English-language literature on pancreatic trauma from 1970 to 2006 was reviewed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Most pancreatic injuries a...

The management of eyelid trauma presents some frustrating challenges to the general ophthalmologist. Because each case is unique, adaptation of general principles is essential for optimal ophthalmic treatment. This review includes the essentials of approaches to the evaluation and treatment of eyelid margin and canalicular lacerations. Specific attention is directed towards avoidance of complic...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of disability and death in most Western nations and consumes an estimated $100 billion annually in the United States alone. In the last 2 decades, the management of TBI has evolved dramatically, as a result of a more thorough understanding of the physiologic events leading to secondary neuronal injury as well as advances in the care of critically il...

201 (one myocardial infarction; one atrial fibrillation). At four hours postadmission, 14 more patients tested positive (13 myocardial infarction and one angina). At 12 hours postadmission, a further seven patients tested positive (five myocardial in-farction and two angina). Of the 19 patients diagnosed as myocardial in-farction, a positive troponin T was only present in one patient on admissi...

The liver is the most commonly injured solid abdominal organ, despite its relative protected location [1, 2]. Treatment of traumatic liver injuries is based on patient physiology, mecha‐ nism and degree of injury, associated abdominal and extra-abdominal injuries and local ex‐ pertise. Non-operative management has evolved into the treatment of choice for most patients with blunt liver injuries ...

trauma is one of the major non-obstetric causes of pregnancy-associated maternal deaths. most cases of maternal trauma include: motor vehicle crashes, domestic violence, falls, burns, suicide, and toxic exposure. pregnancy-related anatomic and physiologic changes like increased joint laxity, weight gain, and changes in the center of gravity during pregnancy increase the risk of falling. one of ...