mastic (chatlanqosh or turpentine) is a valuable tree species in most parts of the country, particularly around the southern slopes of the alborz and zagros mountain range distributed. wild mastic tree is mainly due to the adaptability and hard rocky ground tree and needless to excessive irrigation, it doesn't usually crop. it is the mountain range of the plant, giving it less water. the soil a...

Today, when the emphasis on single-species production systems that is cardinal to agricultural and forestry programs the world over has resulted in serious ecosystem imbalances, the virtues of the time-tested practice of growing different species together as in managed Multi-strata Tree + Crop (MTC) systems deserve serious attention. The coconut-palm-based multispecies systems in tropical homeg...

Mastic (Chatlanqosh or turpentine) is a valuable tree species in most parts of the country, particularly around the southern slopes of the Alborz and Zagros mountain range distributed. Wild Mastic tree is mainly due to the adaptability and hard rocky ground tree and needless to excessive irrigation, it doesn't usually crop. It is the mountain range of the plant, giving it less water. The soil a...

Natural rubber (NR), regarded as nature's most versatile raw material is obtained from the latex of Hevea brasiliensis, a tree, native to the tropical rain forests of Amazon and introduced on a commercial scale to the Far East during the last century. In India, organised cultivation of rubber started in 1902 on an estate scale by European planters. This crop however came out of the bounds of th...

The increased availability of high resolution remote sensor data for precision agriculture 1 applications permits users to aquire deeper and more relevant knowledge about crops states that lead 2 inevitably to better decisions. The algorithm libraries being developed and evolved around these 3 applications rely on multi-spectral or hyper-spectral data acquired by using manned or unmanned 4 plat...

The development of flower buds and a sufficient fruit set are basic requirements for fruit growers to generate a marketable crop. However, fruit trees remain in a juvenile (nonflowering) phase for years, and after a transition period of getting reproductively competent they enter the adult phase of tree life. The reproductive phase is associated with the ability to alternate between the product...

Potential interactions between food production and climate mitigation are explored for two situations in sub-Saharan Africa, where deforestation and land degradation overlap with hunger and poverty. Three agriculture intensification scenarios for supplying nitrogen to increase crop production (mineral fertilizer, herbaceous legume cover crops--green manures--and agroforestry--legume improved tr...

This paper demonstrates an automated computer vision system for outdoor tree crop enumeration in a seedling nursery. The complete system incorporates both hardware components (including an embedded microcontroller, an odometry encoder, and an uncalibrated digital color camera) and software algorithms (including microcontroller algorithms and the proposed algorithm for tree crop enumeration) req...

Tree nuts (almonds, pistachios, and walnuts) are an exceptionally valuable crop, especially in California, with an aggregate value approaching $3.5 billion. Much of this economic value comes from overseas markets, with up to 60% of the crop being exported. The product can be contaminated with aflatoxins or ochratoxins, with the former being of special concern because of the strict regulatory le...

Improved and up-to-date land use/land cover (LULC) datasets are needed for intensively cropped regions such as the U.S. Central Great Plains, in order to support a variety of science and policy applications focused on understanding the role and response of the agricultural sector to environmental change issues. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) holds considerable promise...