syntax Concrete syntax Kinds type type x :A:K {x:A}K A -> K K Types A&B; A & B A B A -o B B oA x :A:B {x:A}B A -> B B M Objects sndM M ̂x :A:M [x^A]M M^N M ^ N x :A:M [x:A]M M N M N The next table gives the relative precedence and associativity of these operators. As in Elf, parentheses are available to override these behaviors. Precedence Oper...

Testing new high-speed protocol based memories such as Direct RDRAMTM offers new opportunities for memory manufacturers and test engineers to re-optimize their test strategies. Identifying the critical circuit parameters, and selecting the proper equipment and test fixtures for their measurement, is crucial to achieving maximum throughput, yield and performance of the finished products. This pa...

In this publication a new method of thermal impedance analysis of power modules is presented. It enables a distinction of different failure mechanisms within the heat flow path by electrical measurement during power cycling tests. With measurement and evaluation of the thermal impedance Zth the degradation can be located within chip solder layer, system solder layer and thermal interface materi...

Designing RNA sequences that fold into specific structures and perform desired biological functions is an emerging field in bioengineering with broad applications from intracellular chemical catalysis to cancer therapy via selective gene silencing. Effective RNA design requires first solving the inverse folding problem: given a target structure, propose a sequence that folds into that structure...

Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data over the area of the Hector Mine earthquake (Mw7.1, 16 October 1999) reveal postseismic deformation of several centimeters over a spatial scale of 0.5 to 50 km. We analyzed seven SAR acquisitions to form interferograms over four time periods after the event. The main deformation seen in the line-of-sight (LOS) displacement maps are a region ...

The work presented here investigated the length effect in nonword reading aloud in order to assess whether that effect is driven by the number of letters in a string or by the number of graphemes in a string. Simulation work with the DualRoute Cascaded (DRC) model (e.g., Coltheart, Curtis, Atkins, & Haller, 1993; Coltheart & Rastle, 1994) uncovered a surprising finding regarding the length effe...