Web proxies and Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) are widely used to accelerate Web content delivery and to conserve Internet bandwidth. These caching agents are highly eeective for static content, which is an important component of all Web-based services. This paper explores the eeect of ubiquitous Web caching on the request patterns seen by other components of an end-to-end content delivery ar...

Emergency l ight ing systems are frequently employed as a required safety feature within business premises. These systems comprise essentially of a control circuit, a battery pack, a trickle charging circuit, and either an in-built incandescent lamp, or an inverter that will allow the battery supply to drive the existing fluorescent tubes. It is the latter version, and the requisite DC-AC inver...

The saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil is needed for deteriming the agricultural and hydrological processes. The measurement techniques used to estimate such property remain hampered by extensive labor and time constraints. Both emitter discharge rate and steady saturated radius emerged from point source trickle irrigation on the soil surface were used to determine the saturated hydraulic...

In this study, a mathematical model is proposed which incorporates mass transfer process and biofilm reactions in trickle bed air biofilter (TBAB). The model consists of a set of mass balance equations for isopropyl alcohol (IPA), acetone (ACE) and oxygen within the bulk gas phase and within the biofilm. These set of ordinary differential equations are converted into non-dimensionalised form an...