was vacuum-formed from one piece of clear tenite (Lus-Trus Corporation, Ypsilanti, Michigan). The trough is 5 cm wide, 10 cm deep, and filled with water to a depth of 5 cm. The trough is rotated 2 rpm on a turntable in a darkened chamber. The alternative of rotating the stimulus light, photoconductors, and electrodes around the stationary trough seemed less convenient. The stimulus light is a d...

An assemblage of huge parallel troughs, individually up to 200 km wide and hundreds of kilometers long, forms a belt 500 km wide extending for 2700 km E 15øS through the Tithonius Lacus-Coprates region of equatorial Mars. Some troughs are closed depressions more than 3 km deep, and the maximum trough depth may approach 6 km. These troughs, heading just southeast of the huge Tharsis volcanic rid...

epizoochory and endozoochory are well-known mechanisms by which seeds are dispersed by animals. since, livestock gather around the watering-points to rest and drink, we expected to find that seeds would be frequently moved to the areas surrounding watering-points, resulting a higher soil seed density (and diversity) closest to the water. we investigated this issue by assessing soil seed bank de...

BACKGROUND The tear trough and the lid/cheek junction become more visible with age. These landmarks are adjacent, forming in some patients a continuous indentation or groove below the infraorbital rim. Numerous, often conflicting procedures have been described to improve the appearance of the region. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anatomy underlying the tear trough and the lid/ch...

OBJECTIVE To compare five published nomograms (Thomson guidelines, Mawer nomogram, rule of eights, Hull-Sarubbi table and Dettli method) for calculating the initial gentamicin dosage regimen in a Kuwaiti population. MATERIALS AND METHODS Based on measured peak and trough gentamicin concentrations, the elimination rate constant and volume of distribution of gentamicin were calculated for each ...

AIMS The aim of the present study was to demonstrate evidence of reduced thrombin generation at the trough plasma rivaroxaban concentration. METHODS A single-centre, prospective, nonrandomized, drug-intervention, self-controlled study was conducted in 51 anticoagulation therapy-naïve patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Plasma rivaroxaban concentration was measured by liquid chromat...

BACKGROUND Chromogenic anti-factor Xa activity (AXA) assay is reported to be the most appropriate method to measure the pharmacodynamics of apixaban, but the distribution of AXA in non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients on apixaban therapy has not been fully elucidated. METHODSANDRESULTS Steady-state trough and peak AXA were measured in 124 NVAF patients taking apixaban. In 25 patie...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Antibodies to infliximab reduce serum infliximab with loss of clinical benefit, but undetectable trough serum concentrations of infliximab may occur without antibody formation. The relationship between trough serum infliximab and clinical outcomes was evaluated in acute ulcerative colitis. METHODS In a cohort of 115 patients with ulcerative colitis treated with three-dose ...

To validate the abundance of scenarios of large earthquakes in the Nankai Trough, we examined the effects of both lateral and vertical expansions of the source areas on maximum tsunami heights along the Pacific coast and Seto Inland Sea. The recently proposed Nankai Trough earthquake scenario (Mw = 9) has a maximum slip of 20 m near the trough axis. However, the predicted tsunami heights exceed...