Background Case fatality rates among hospitalized patients diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated tuberculosis remain high, and tuberculosis mycobacteremia is common. Our aim was to define the nature of innate immune responses associated with 12-week mortality in this population. Methods This prospective cohort study was conducted at Khayelitsha Hospital, Cape Town, Sout...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Patients with hematologic malignancies are at increased risk of developing tuberculosis because of the T-cell immunodeficiency associated with the disease and/or its treatment. The objective of this study was to evaluate risk factors, clinical findings and the attributable mortality associated with tuberculosis in patients with hhematologic malignancies. DESIGN AND M...

Background Mortality rates remain high for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated tuberculosis, and our knowledge of contributing mechanisms is limited. We aimed to determine whether hemostatic changes in HIV-tuberculosis were associated with mortality or decreased survival time and the contribution of mycobacteremia to these effects. Methods We conducted a prospective study in Khayeli...

OBJECTIVES To investigate the impact of isoniazid prophylaxis on mortality and incidence of tuberculosis in children with HIV. DESIGN Two centre prospective double blind placebo controlled trial. PARTICIPANTS Children aged > or =8 weeks with HIV. INTERVENTIONS Isoniazid or placebo given with co-trimoxazole either daily or three times a week. SETTING Two tertiary healthcare centres in So...

the co-existence of acquired immune  deficiency syndrome (aids) and tuberculosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality because of a widespread organ involvement. the gastrointestinal tract is a common site for localization of opportunistic  microorganisms  in aids. however, surgical abdominal  emergencies such as intestinal perforation resulted from tuberculosis are uncommon  in these pat...

From three to five million persons die of tuberculosis every year throughout the world. It is estimated that some 50 million people have the disease, and are transmitting the organisms to other people.1. The disease has been a major scourge of mankind through all recorded history, but only since the last part of the 19th century has it been clear that it is a contagious disease. In Western civi...

BACKGROUND Tuberculosis/HIV co-infection is a bidirectional and synergistic combination of two very important pathogens in public health. To date, there have been limited clinical data regarding mortality rates among tuberculosis/HIV co-infected patients and the impact of antiretroviral therapy on clinical outcomes in Ethiopia. This study assessed the incidence and predictors of tuberculosis/HI...

Occurrence of pulmonary tuberculosis with leprosy is known but association of cutaneous tuberculosis with leprosy is rare. We report a case of borderline lepromatous leprosy coexistent with tuberculosis verrucosa cutis in a 29-year-old male, who presented with multiple skin coloured nodules and hyperkeratotic scaly lesions of 3-month duration. Dual infections are associated with high mortality ...

OBJECTIVES AND DESIGN We used data from a randomized trial of HIV-tuberculosis co-infected patients in Mozambique to determine the incidence and predictors of paradoxical tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) occurring within 12 weeks of starting antiretroviral therapy, and to evaluate its association with patient outcome at 48 weeks. METHODS HIV-tuberculo...

BACKGROUND The incidence of tuberculosis has increased among South African gold miners despite comprehensive control programmes, including a radiological screening programme. No data are available as to the optimal frequency of screening. The aim of this study was to compare 6-monthly and 12-monthly radiological screening for active tuberculosis case-finding. METHODS Employees of a gold minin...