BACKGROUND A female fetus with massive truncal-limb hydrops and large, loculated, nuchal hygromas in midgestation is highly likely to have Turner syndrome. This phenotype is recognized to be usually lethal, with only more mildly affected fetuses surviving to term birth. METHODS The morphology and morphometrics of 117 midgestation fetuses with phenotypic Turner syndrome were analyzed. RESULT...

Intracranial Hypertension (IH) is a known side effect of GH therapy [1], but has many other aetiologies. Turner syndrome patients have growth failure related to loss of the SHOX transcription factor and so respond to high dose GH therapy. Turner patients also have a high incidence of middle ear disease that can cause intracranial hypertension via mastoiditis and venous sinus thrombosis. IH has ...

Secondary pseudoainhum is an autoamputation that develops in individuals aged approximately 20 to 50 years and is caused by diseases such as keratodermas, trauma, or congenital factors. The authors report a novel case of secondary pseudoainhum in a patient with Turner syndrome (45,X) who presented with bandlike constrictions in the toes bilaterally. To the authors' knowledge, secondary pseudoai...

A growth chart for girls with Turner syndrome has been prepared using data from four published series of European patients, and evaluated using retrospective data on the heights of girls with Turner syndrome seen at this hospital. The results indicate that calculation of height standard deviation score from this chart allows a reasonable prediction of adult stature in any patient with Turner sy...

An increased incidence of Hashimoto thyroiditis has been reported in patients with Turner syndrome, but several cases of Graves' disease were also described ten to 20 years ago. We report the case of a patient with Turner syndrome who developed Graves' disease, 3 years after successful treatment with recombinant human growth hormone (GH). A diagnosis of Graves' disease was made and treatment wi...


 Early initiation of growth hormone therapy is recommended in children with Turner syndrome if the child already has failure or a high chance short stature (1 guideline).
 Growth treatment can be started at 45 mcg/kg/day to 50 Monitor by regular height measurements and assessment levels insulin-like factor-I Continue until desired achieved when no more potential remains

We describe a girl with Turner syndrome, a genetic disorder of the X chromosome in a phenotypic female at increased risk of autoimmune and immunological diseases, who developed Kawasaki disease at the age of four years. Given the possible relationship between these two disorders, we recommend suspecting Kawasaki disease in patients with Turner syndrome who present with persistent fever of unkno...