With the advent of new surgical techniques, such as subfascial endoscopic perforator surgery, venous anatomy of the lower limb gained distinguished attention. Here, based on our surgical experience and observations on several dissections, we describe the embryology and the gross anatomy of the superficial, deep, and perforating veins. The lesser and greater saphenous veins, their named tributar...

budd-chiari syndrome (bcs) refers to thrombosis of hepatic veins as well as intrahepatic or suprahepatic inferior vena cava. we present for the first time a case of possible occurrence of budd- chiari syndrome with the history of depot medroxy progesterone acetate (dmpa) injections in a 33-yearold iranian woman. an underlying disorder can be identified in most of patients with bcs. many of thes...